Morality & Social Justice-Rubric for Essay Essay Example for Free

Morality Social Justice-Rubric for Essay Essay Seven influential moral thinkers hammered just war tradition which has been distilled into seven principles where five of the principles judge whether a decision to go to war is actually justifiable while the other two are a guide to just conduct in waging a war. The principles of a just war include: legitimate authority, just cause, just intent, last resort, reasonable chance of success, principle of discrimination and the principle of proportionality. The Spanish and Portuguese were not justified to go to war with the Guarani but the Guarani were justified to war with the Portuguese and the Spanish. Subjecting the Portuguese and the Spanish to the seven principles of a just war they were not justified to go to war. The first principle which requires that before a war is started, it must be declared by a legally recognized authority which in most cases is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces while in United states it the Congress was not met by the Spanish and Portuguese soldiers. The soldier according to Alves were sent to relocate the Guarani but when they resisted they resorted to military action where many natives were killed and other were taken as slaves without the order of the legal authorities of the two nations (4). Before going to war with the Guarani the just war principles demand that Spanish and Portuguese leaders and soldiers were to seek an order from the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of their respective countries before waging a war with the natives which they did not do. The second principle of a just war that requires that a war should not be started on the basis of expanding a territory or national pride but only for a just cause like resistance to aggression by means of threat of attack or attack was not met either by the Portuguese and the Spanish in fighting the Guarani people. They instead invaded the people with an aim to relocate them to take them as slaves but when the Guarani resisted they started war with them thereby breaching the just cause (Alves 4). Another principle require that before starting a war the aims of the war should be just and limited which should be restoring justice and peace and not vengeance. The Spanish and the Portuguese breached this principle as well since their intention was not to restore peace or justice among the Guarani people. They waged the war out of their own selfish gain because the natives were living peacefully before. Their interest was the land of the Guarani and to enslave them as well. It was not the last resort for the Portuguese and the Spanish to start war with the Guarani people. The principles requires that all other means should be used to resolve dispute between contending parties and that the means must have been tried and found to fail before going to war. In the situation of the Portuguese, Spanish and the Guarani people there was no dispute in the first place. It is the Spanish and Portuguese that were determined to take the land that belonged to the natives and to take them as slaves and even after the natives resisted their effort they never used any other means to resolve the dispute but war. There should be reasonable chance of success before starting a war which the Portuguese and the Spanish did not take to consideration. The principle requires that the situation should be accessed to ascertain if there is a possibility of success before initiating or continuing a war. They never considered this fact and that is the reason why the war continued for several decades and they were eventually defeated (Elves 6). Another principle of a just war tradition that the Portuguese and Spanish violated is the principle of civilian immunity or honor of noncombatant where the noncombatants are not targeted to avoid civilian deaths. It also requires that prisoners captured should be treated humanely and that military forces desist from rapes, massacres, looting and other atrocities. This was not the case in the wars of the Guarani where all sorts of atrocities were committed against the people since children, women and men alike were taken captives and were not treated humanely. The principle of proportionality which requires that the harm to be caused by a war must not exceed the good the war can accomplish. Before the Europeans invaded the natives they were living peacefully in their land but after they attacked them they were left with sorrows since some died, others were enslaved, property destroyed and families disunited forever. It therefore goes without saying that the Spanish and the Portuguese caused several harm and zero good to the Guarani which is against this principle of just war. The Portuguese and the Spanish were not justified to initiate and continue the war with the Guarani after being subjected to the seven principles of a just war tradition. In all the instances they went contrary to the principles. They were not interested in the plight of the people or the outcome of the war but their own selfish gains. Works Cited Alves, Wesley. The Mission. 2007. 3 May 2010 http://people. bu. edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/thth/projects/thth_projects_2007wesley_alves. pdf

Godfather Moral Downfall Essay example -- essays research papers

Critics agree that in The Godfather, the protagonist, Michael Corleone (Mikey) changes from a person with moral principles and a legitimate role in society to a cold-blooded mobster. In the beginning of the movie, Mikey shows his reluctance to involve himself in the Mafia when he tells his girlfriend, Kaye, about his father’s (Vito Corleone) business methods of coercion and says he will never be like his family. However, as Mikey’s involvement with the family business increases his violent tendencies become more apparent as he volunteers to murder a rival thug and a corrupt police officer. In the final scene, Mikey kills his brother-in-law, and when confronted by Kaye, he looks her in the eyes and claims no role in the murder. At this point, he completely transforms from a military hero and legitimate citizen, to a Mafia don capable of lies and murder. While Mikey’s transformation is quite obvious, the reason for this change in moral behavior is a more complex i ssue. The change in ethical behavior is a result of Mikey’s decision to become more involved with his family, consequently putting him in an environment that promotes immoral behavior. Michael Corleone’s problem is an internal conflict between loyalty to family and moral principle. After an assassination attempt on Mikey's father, Mikey decides to return to the family and assume leadership, even though he disapproves of Mafia business practices. The strength of family ties, ingrained in Mikey as a youth, influenced his choice. Decisions in choosing between right and wrong should not be confined to just a matter of the individual, but a response influenced by the family. Psychologists feel that the rearing of a child during early years plays a particularly important role in influencing behavior throughout a child's life. So, certain choices simply will not be made due to values established at an early age, since cognitive moral development restricts "free will" to some degree. Obviously, growing up in a Mafia family would put Mikey in an environment where he experiences a tainted view of right and wrong. Also, in the family situation, pressures from the group (the family) often influence the individual's behavior making the individual's decisions more difficult. Therefore, someone not taught independence will have trouble standing up against the family. For example, Mikey holds a notion o... ...uot;no regrets." Mikey only nods in agreement showing his acceptance of his new position. Mikey’s moral downfall is most likely a result of genetic influences, coupled with his current situation in a Mafia environment. His genetic makeup prohibits him from withstanding the pressures and influences of Mafia life. His violent behavior in the killings coincide with the Corleone notion of loyalty, and family business practices. Possible inherited defects in the Corleone family, such as those found in the five generations of Dutch men stated previously, fit well with Mafia methods of coercion and getting rid of competition. Also, the fact that Mikey feels responsible in helping with the protection of his father, and his expected role in the matter, affect his decision about involvement in the family business. Since the viewer only sees a short span of Mikey’s life, it is difficult to predict if Mikey will ever deviate from his current unethical practices. Theory suggests that he will change because altering personalities permanently is nearly impossible. However, only by viewing subsequent parts of Mikey’s life can we know for sure if he will return to moral standards of living.

Orange Peel as Antioxidant

CHAPTER I THE RESEARCH PROBLEM BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Now days, exporting is hard in the Philippines hence the country is not that good in means of transportation because of the gap between the islands and provinces; and not all places have good roads. This kind of problem could take hours for the exporters to export their goods to other places like the market, malls, and other cities along the country. And due to that kind of problem may lead to poor source of income for the exporters, for when the exported product reaches their destinations chances may, that some of those are already rotten.One of the most exported goods in the Philippines is the countries very own national fruit, mango (Mangifera indica). Mango is a sweet fruit and succulent that’s why Filipinos just love to eat the fruit, but unfortunately it is not that cheap and buyers have to save, causing the fruits to be stocked and slowly by slowly rot and making the buyers refrain from buying. Another thing is peop le now a day’s tends to throw things that can still be recycled, and recycling is something that could lessen up the countries waste management. The Philippines for example is full of wastes, some citizens just don’t know how to recycle.The richness of life is not only seeing life with wide open eyes, but knowing about the connections between things and how this knowledge would take part in letting one live a more convenient life just like the purpose of this research work. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to extract antioxidants from orange peels to use as natural preservatives especially for mangoes. Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following question: 1. How could the extracted antioxidant help the mango preserve its freshness? 2. Can the orange peels really be use as a alternative preservative for the mango?RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Ha: The extracted preservative from the orange peel has no effect on the mango. Ho: The extracted preservative from the orange peel has an effect on the mango causing it not to rot easily. SCOPE AND DELIMINATION This study started on July 2012. This study will focus on extracting antioxidants from the orange (Citrus sinensis) peels and apply and use it to preserve mangoes (Mangifera indica). The area of this study is in Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines. Both oranges (Citrus sinensis) and mangoes (Mangifera indica) are bought from the city markets. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYAntioxidants and antibacterial are important components for preserving fruits and preventing fruit spoilage. This study aims to help the following: A) COMMUNITY and HOUSEHOLDS it is easy to do and less expensive. People who love to eat oranges can make the preservatives to apply it on their own. B) ECONOMY This is good for economical purposes for they can sell the preservatives on a lower price and sell it to fruit vendors who sell mangoes. And to those who export mangoes they can use this preservative or they can even make the pr eservative themselves and apply it so that when they export mangoes it will not easily rot.DEFINITION OF TERMS Antibacterial is a compound or substance that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria and play an important role for preserving substance. Antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules and plays and also plays an important role for preserving substance. Mango (Mangifera indica) is a fleshy stone fruit that is very sweet and has a lot of vitamins. Orange (Citrus sinensis) is a type of citrus fruit which people often eat they are very good source of vitamins, especially vitamin C. Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels are edible but not that delicious as of the orange.Preservative are naturally occurring or synthetically produced substance that is added to products to prevent the decomposition by means of microbial growth that can cause undesirable chemical changes. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Antioxidants Antioxidants are substances or nutr ients in our foods which can prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body. When our body cells use oxygen, they naturally produce free radicals (by-products) which can cause damage. Antioxidants act as â€Å"free radical scavengers† and hence prevent and repair damage done by these free radicals.Health problems such as heart disease, macular degeneration, diabetes, cancer are all contributed by oxidative damage. Antioxidants may also enhance immune defense and therefore lower the risk of cancer and infection. (http://www. csiro. au). Well-known antioxidants include enzymes and other substances, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene, which are capable of counteracting the damaging effects of oxidation. Antioxidants are also commonly added to food products such as vegetable oils and prepared foods to prevent or delay their deterioration from the action of air (http://www. medterms. com).It is impossible for us to avoid damage by free radicals . Free radicals arise from both inside (endogenous) and outside (exogenous) our bodies . Oxidants that develop from processes within our bodies form as a result of normal aerobic respiration, metabolism , and inflammation . Exogenous free radicals form from environment factors such as pollution, sunlight, strenuous exercise, X-rays, smoking and alcohol . Our antioxidant systems are not perfect , so as we age , cell parts damaged by oxidation accumulate Because they have one or more unpaired electrons , free radicals are highly unstable .They scavenge your body to grab or donate electrons , thereby damaging cells , proteins , and DNA (genetic material) . The same oxidative process also causes oils to become rancid , peeled apples turn brown , and iron to rust . Antioxidants block the process of oxidation by  neutralizing  free radicals. In doing so, the antioxidants themselves become oxidized. That is why there is a constant need to replenish our antioxidant resources. How they work can be classified in one of two ways: Chain-breaking  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ When a free radical releases or steals an electron, a second radical is formed.This molecule then turns around and does the same thing to a third molecule, continuing to generate more unstable products. The process continues until termination occurs — either the radical is stabilized by a chain-breaking antioxidant such as beta-carotene and vitamins C and E, or it simply decays into a harmless product. Preventive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase prevent oxidation by reducing the rate of chain initiation. That is, by scavenging initiating radicals, such antioxidants can thwart an oxidation chain from ever setting in motion.They can also prevent oxidation by stabilizing transition metal radicals such as copper and iron. The effectiveness of any given antioxidant in the body depends on which free radical is involved, how and where it is generated, and where the target of damage is. Thus, while in one particular system an antioxidant may protect against free radicals, in other systems it could have no effect at all. Or, in certain circumstances, an antioxidant may even act as a â€Å"pro-oxidant† that generates toxic oxygen species. Since antioxidants counteract the harmful effects of free radicals , you would think that we should consume as much as them as possible .The truth is , although there is little doubt that antioxidants are a necessary component for good health , it is not clear if supplements should be taken and , if so , how much . Once thought to be harmless , we now know that consuming mega-doses of antioxidants can be harmful due to their potential toxicity and interactions with medications . Antioxidants are found abundant in beans, grain products, fruits and vegetables. Look for fruits with bright color – lutein in some of the yellow pigments found in corn; orange in cantaloupe, butternut squash and mango; red from lyc opene in tomatoes and watermelon, and purple and blue in berries.So enjoy eating a variety of these products. It is best to obtain these antioxidants from foods instead of supplements. In addition, minimize the exposure of oxidative stress such as smoking and sunburn. Orange Nutrients in oranges are plentiful and diverse. The fruit is low in calories, contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, but is rich in dietary fiber,  pectin,  which is very effective in persons with excess body weight. Pectin, by its action as bulk laxative, helps to protect the mucous membrane of the colon by decreasing its exposure time to toxic substances as well as by binding to cancer causing chemicals in the colon.Pectin has also been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels by decreasing its re-absorption in the colon by binding to  bile acids  in the colon. Oranges, like other citrus fruits, is an excellent source of  vitamin C  (provides about 60% of DRI); Vitamin C is a powerful natural a ntioxidant. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps body develop resistance against infectious agents and  scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the blood. Orange fruit contains a variety of phytochemicals. Hesperetin  and  Narigenin  are flavonoids found in citrus fruits.Naringenin is found to have a bio-active effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, and immune system modulator. This substance has also been shown to reduce oxidant injury to DNA in vitro studies. Oranges also contain very good levels of  vitamin A, and other flavonoid antioxidants such as  alpha  andbeta-carotenes,  beta-cryptoxanthin,  zea-xanthin  and  lutein. These compounds are known to have antioxidant properties. Vitamin A is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin and is essential for vision.Consumption of natural fruits rich in flavonoids helps body to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers. It is a lso a very good source of B-complex vitamins such as thiamin, pyridoxine, and folates. These vitamins are essential in the sense that body requires them from external sources to replenish. Orange fruit also contains a very good amount of minerals like potassium and calcium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure through countering sodium actions. Citrus fruits, as such, have long been valued for their wholesome nutritious and antioxidant properties (http://www. utrition-and-you. com). Orange Peels When oranges were first cultivated, orange peels were highly valued. People extracted essential oils from the peels to use in medicines and remedies for indigestion and other illnesses. Orange peels are a source of health-promoting carbohydrates. Peels also contain healthy polymethoxylated flavones, which are plant pigment compounds present in all citrus fruits. The production of orange juice leaves large amounts of oran ge peels. They are processed into an essential oil which contains (+)-limonene as major component.Every year about 50,000 bis 75,000 tons of this hydrocarbon accumulates in the citrus processing industry. Up to now it is regarded as residue and rarely used for the synthesis of valuable products (http://kwi. dechema. de). The orange peels contain an abundance of nutrients, including sugars, flavonoids, vitamins and antioxidants, with a variety of uses, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-carcinogenic properties. Orange peels are the main source of d-limonene, which is effective against breast and colon  cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin (http://onecoup. com).The peel of  Citrus  fruits, like orange, is a rich source of  flavanones and many polymethoxylated  flavones (Ahmadetal. 2006), which are very rare in other plants. These compounds have commercial interest because of their multitude of applications in the food and pharmaceutical ind ustries. There are studies that prove that orange peels may be used or substituted as antimicrobial. An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Antimicrobial, drugs either kill microbes (microbicidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbistatic).Mango Mango fruit is rich in pre-biotic dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and  polyphenolic flavonoid  antioxidant compounds. According to new research study, mango fruit has been found to protect against colon, breast, leukemia and prostate cancers. Several trial studies suggest that  polyphenolic anti-oxidant  compounds in mango are known to offer protection against breast and colon cancers. Mango fruit is an excellent source of  Vitamin-A  and flavonoids like  beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and  beta-cryptoxanthin. 100 g of fresh fruit provides 765 mg or 25% of recommended daily levels of vitamin A.Together; these compounds are known to have antioxidant properties and are essential for vision. Vitamin A is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin. Consumption of natural fruits rich in carotenes is known to protect body from lung and oral cavity cancers. Fresh mango is a very rich source of potassium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. It is also a very good source of vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine),  vitamin-C  and vitamin-E. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps body develop esistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen free radicals. Vitamin B-6 or  pyridoxine  is required for GABA hormone production in the brain. It also controls homocystiene levels in the blood, which may otherwise be harmful to blood vessels resulting in CAD and stroke. Copper is a co-factor for many vital enzymes, including cytochrome c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase (other minerals function as co-factors for this en zyme are manganese and zinc). Copper is also required for the production of red blood cells (http://www. nutrition-and-you. com). PreservationFood preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down Food spoilage, loss of quality, edibility or nutritional value and thus allow for longer food storage storage. Preservation usually involves preventing the growth of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and other micro-organisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria, or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats which cause rancidity. Food preservation can also include processes which inhibit visual deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning reaction in apples after they are cut, which can occur during food preparation.Many processes designed to preserve food will involve a number of food preservation methods. Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, for example, involves boiling (to reduce the fruit’s moisture content and to kill bacteria, yeasts, etc. ), sugaring (to prevent their re-growth) and sealing within an airtight jar (to prevent recontamination). Maintaining or creating nutritional value, texture and flavour is an important aspect of food preservation, although, historically, some methods drastically altered the character of the food being preserved (http://www. ikipedia. com) ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEELS ECOFRIENDLY, RECYCLE EASY TO MAKEAS ALTERNATIVES FOR COMMERCIALIZE PRESERVATIVES CHEAP PRESERVATIVES ANTIOXIDANTS Figure 1 The Conceptual Framework of the Study CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY * General Procedure Preparation for the mango (Mangifera indica) Mangoes (Mangifera indica) were bought by the researchers within the city market. After buying the fruit, it was then washed. Preparation for extraction of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels extract Oranges (Citrus sinensis) were bought by the researchers within the city market.After buying the fruit was washed. And then the peels were taken off t hen cut/slice to smaller peels. Distilled water was then added to obtain more extract, then the peels were blended by using a metallic blender and then the extraction of the peels was obtain by using a cheesecloth or face cloth/towel (lampi). Manual squeezing was done to recover most of the liquid. Further purification was done by means of filter paper. The final collected extract was measured using a graduated cylinder and were placed in a beaker. Application and controlling of the extractsThe researchers bought cotton balls (can be found on drug stores or groceries) and prepared it for the application. A control was then set by the researchers to further study the affectivity of the extracted substance to the substance to be applied (mango {Mangifera indica}). The cotton balls was used to hold the substance and applied, by means of wiping, at the upper part or at the stem of the fruit. Methodology Flowchart * Gathering of oranges (Citrus sinensis) General Procedure Washing of mang o (Mangifera indica) Gathering of mango (Mangifera indica)Slicing/ Cutting of the peels of the orange (Citrus sinensis) Peeling of the oranges (Citrus sinensis) Washing of orange (Citrus sinensis) Addition of Distilled water Application of preservatives Filtration Measuring of extract TRAIT TESTING Grinding/blending of the peels of the orange (Citrus sinensis) Extraction by means of cheesecloth or face towel (lampi) CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Table 1 presents the masses of the mangoes on the first and 7th day FIG 3 Treatment| Mass (g) of replicates (day 1)| Mass (g) of replicates (day 2)| | 1| 2| 3| 1| 2| 3|Mangoes with extract| 130| 120| 150| 128| 117| 147| Mango without extract (control)| 110| 160| 100| 105| 153| 93| Table no. 1 presentation of mass of mangoes Table No 2. shows the weight loss of the three replicated in each treatment obtained from days 1 and 7. It shows that in Treatment 1, replica 1 has a weight loss of 2g, replica 2 has 3g, and replica 3 has 3g. In Treatment 2, replica 1 has a weight loss of 5g, replica 2 has 7g, and replica 3 has 7g. It shows that the results of the untreated mangoes got the highest amount of weight loss. Its cause might be the fast spoilage of the fruit.Treatment 1 implies that the Orange peel extract has affectivity on the fruit’s preservation state. Weight Loss of Treatment 2 between Days 1 and 7 Grams Replicates Figure No. 4 Weight loss of Treatment 1 (below) and Treatment 2 (above) Figure No. 3 above shows the weight loss of the treated ( Treatment 1 and the untreated mangoes. ) 1. Statement of Null Hypothesis; The extracted preservative from the orange peel has an effect on the mango causing it not to rot easily. Ho:  µA =  µB or  µA –  µB = 0 2. Statement of Alternative Hypothesis; Ha: The extracted preservative from the orange peel has no effect on the mango.The extracted preservative from the orange peel has no effect on the mango. Ha =  µA ?  µB or  µA –  µB ? 0 3. Level of Significance ? = 0. 05 4. Treatment| Deviation (D)| D2| | 1| 2| 3| 1| 2| 3| Mangoes with extract| 2| 3| 3| 4| 9| 9| Mango without extract (control)| 5| 7| 7| 25| 49| 49| ?D= 27? D2= 145 5. A. Sum of squares difference ?d2 = ? D2 – [(? D )2 ]N = 145 – [( [( 27)2 6 )] = 23. 5 B. Standard error of the mean difference SD = ? d2 N(N-1) = 23. 530 = 23. 530 = 0. 7833 C. D D= ? DN = 236 = 4. 5 D. t. t = DSD = 4. 50. 7833 6. Tcrit = t0. 05 = 2. 571 7.Since the computed/ calculated t is larger than tcrit , reject the Ho and accept Ha There is significant difference between the mean % particulate matter of the mango being extracted . CHAPTER V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary We love to eat oranges, its sweet or sour juice, and its rich in vitamin c, and yet we only throw the peels away. However, because of this study we can now make use of the peels that we usually throw away. Because of this study, the researchers atte mpted to find an alternative preservative for mangoes, which it is one of the highly distributed fruit on our country.So to find an easier way and more healthy way to preserve mangoes orange peels come to a use. Testing of the Orange peels’ antibacterial and preservative capability is the main goal of this research. It aims to compare if there is a significant difference between the spoilage life of a treated and untreated mango. Oranges were gathered from fruit stores. The peels was then obtained then cut into smaller pieces then placed on a grinder, but before grinding, small amount of distilled water was added, then the grinding of peels took place.By means of cheesecloth, manual squeezing was done to extract the oil, and filtration took place for further purification. Two treatments were prepared with three replicates respectively. First treatment was the mangoes which were treated with the extracts, and the second treatment was the control. Weighing was done during the 1 st day of which mango was applied with the extract and after the 7th day from the application. Findings During the observation of the 7 days affectivity of extract, treatment two had rotten and spoiled faster than treatment 1, for spots was already seen.The researchers then weighed and the mass of the mangoes, under treatment 2 , the mass started reducing slowly while treatment 1 still remained constant with its mass. By the 7th day of observation, treatment two was already very rot and spoiled, while treatment one was still giving signs of spoilage but not yet totally spoiled. Conclusions 1. The concentration of the oil extracted from the Orange peels is not that strong hence only small amount was only used. But yet still effective. 2. Mangoes when left untreated and left to be spoiled decreases its weight faster than those which are treated. . Orange peels are effective as preservative for mangoes. Recommendations After the research was made and after observations was gathered. Th is are the following recommendations the researchers made: 1. Orange peels are effective in preserving mango but yet one can still look for a stronger affectivity of preservation, which can preserve mangoes for a longer period of time. 2. If one wants a better result, he/she should use a ratio between more peels and lesser but enough distilled water to get a strong concentration.

Analysis Of Jeanne D Arc - 1097 Words

A teen peasant guided by God, France under attack, and only a silver ring to track back into history. In Medieval times, there were many aspiring stories of defying the meaning of a damsel. The defined term of a damsel was a young, unmarried woman, although, embedded in our minds are women who needs help. Joan of Arc didn t expect to be a helpless woman trapped in a tower, doomed until her knight in shining armor saved her. She saved the French army from losing to Britain in the Hundred Years’ War. In 1412, Jeanne d’Arc was born on a small farm in France. During this time period, there was a bloody war going on, which is also known as the Hundred Years’ War. A conflict between England and France over the right to own land, disputes of the next French throne, and economic conflicts. Less than fifty years before was the Black plague which killed more than half of the country’s population. Joan’s father was a farmer who practiced disciplinary while her mother was a home-worker and emphasized church ethics. Growing up, she was trained to tend animals and spin wool. Joan wasn t taught to read or write, but she attended many village festivals and was obedient to her parents. Women during this times was considered the ‘original sin’ since Eve was considered responsible for tempting Adam to eating the apple. Therefore, women were supposed to remain silent and be under the control of men. In her years of adolescence, the English was gaining the upper hand and captured Paris, whileShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Credit Risk On Financial Institutions2160 Words   |  9 Pagescredit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, market risk, business risk, reputational risk, systemic risk, and moral hazard (Perez, 2014). Of these top eight scenarios, credit, market, and operational risks are the three major risk factors that Jeanne D’Arc is focused on mitigating during and following the business service project. Credit risk indicates a decline in the credit assets’ values before default that arises from the deterioration in a financial institution’s portfolio quality. CreditRead MoreJoan Of Arc, By Jeanne D Arc2281 Words   |  10 Pages â€Æ' Contents Introduction 1 Body 3 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Jeanne d’Arc, better known as Joan of Arc, was born on the 6th of January in Domremy, which is a village in France. At the time France was in conflict with England. This encounter was better known as The Hundred Years’ War. The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts which took place from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against theRead MoreSimone Ernestine Lucie Marie Bertrand De Beauvoir1784 Words   |  8 Pages1997 and published in 1998, presents Beauvoir s letters (originally written in English) to Nelson Algren† (Mussett). During the prime years of her relationship with Satre, De Beauvoir taught Advanced Literature and Philosophy classes at Lycà ©e Jeanne d Arc in Rouen for eight years, until her dismissal by Nazi officials during the occupation of Paris in 1941. Throughout this period and the years following, De Beauvoir and Satre produced many parallel literary works and entertained deep conversationRead MoreProject Managers Training For Virtual Team3420 Words   |  14 Pagesabout how they call their ethnic group. Project Manager should respectfully ask all team members about what group/country they identify with and how they prefer to name their racial or ethnic groups. Once we do this we can build and maintains trust.( â€Å"Jeanne, Kristin and Mary†, 2006) 5. Motivation Trust is very important while working with virtual team and respect their value, and keep them engaged in their work, try to improve their career when need it to make them better professional’s in their fieldRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some Theoretical

Trainspotting Drug Addiction and Drug Subculture Essay

Trainspotting Over the years, heroin and addiction have provided the subject matter for more than a few noteworthy films. The cult film Trainspotting, based on Irvine Welshs book of the same title, offers an attractive case study as it represents a wide view of British youth culture by considering a large number of issues such as the critiques of consumerism, Thatcherism, class stratification and gender identities. The film portrays the lifestyle of a group of young drug addicts which places its emphasis on youth culture and links it to the drug subculture, and while also involving female characters in this drug subculture it manages to successfully relate the issues of drugs and gender. Therefore I will attempt to trace the†¦show more content†¦This belief that tabloids instigate moral panic is prominent in the book Hooligan by Pearson (1983). He introduces us to the concept of moral panic and heightens our awareness of the image of the criminal. This concept was evident in the aftermat h of Trainspotting, as people believed that the major cities in Britain were all filled with drug addicts and that if you visited there you were putting yourself in serious danger of being mugged by one. Pearson believed that the public were put in a state of fear due to the misrepresentation of criminals in the tabloids. A fine example of this could be seen when, in Easter of 1964, the entire front page of many significant tabloids was plastered with stories of how youngsters had beaten up an entire town and a community had been invaded by a mob ‘hell bent on destruction. Mods and Rockers had been accused of assaulting local residents and destroying a great deal of public property. However, after extensive research, Cohen(1973) discovered that this was untrue and the amount of serious violence and vandalism estimated by the tabloids was actually very small. The typical offence throughout was not assault or malicious damage, but threatening behaviour. After Cohen confrontedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Trainspotting 1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie Trainspotting, released in the July of 1996, depicts a group of heroin addicts and their peers eking out an existence in 1980’s Edinburgh, Scotland. Based on a 1993 book of the same name by Irvine Welsh, the movie was a commercial success as well as critical one. It is ranked as the 10th best British movie of All Time by the British Film Institute in 1999 (Best 100 British Films). When the book was published Welsh was condemned for glamorizing heroin abuse, to which he responded that heRead MoreThe Sociological Paradigm Of Drugs And Drug Use1396 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties define both the meanings of drugs and drug experience, with the definitions differing radically among different societies as well as subcultures and subgroups within the same society. Social groups and cultures define what kind of drug taking is appropriate, for example, alcohol use might be seen as appropriate among o ne group and inappropriate among other groups, such as among women and men. They also define which drugs are acceptable and which are not. Society also spell out the socialRead MoreThomas Welshs Trainspottings Depiction Of Scotlands Heroin Addicted Subculture2195 Words   |  9 PagesTrainspotting’s depiction of Scotland’s heroin-addicted subculture elicits a number of questions regarding issues of heroin addiction, choice, and societal dissociation; questions which will be explored and subsequently answered in this paper. Jason Middleton notes that it has been argued that influential pop-culture works such as Trainspotting are to blame for â€Å"’glamorizing’ heroin and ‘making it look cool’† (Middleton). However, I argue instead that Trainspotting provides a complicated viewing of a besmirchedRead MoreBrief Bio of The Stooges3094 Words   |  12 PagesWhen you think of The Stooges whats the first thought that pops into your head? P robably a 50 year old, prune like, Iggy Pop running around like a mad yoke to the video for Lust For Life from the Trainspotting soundtrack. Thats okay. Im here to tell you about the original Proto-Punk (a nascent predecessor of punk) band, the intense, raucous and truly bizarre, The Stooges. Without this band would rock music have turned out the same way we know it? Would the evolution of punk vary from what

Jack London s Build A Fire - 1321 Words

Jack London’s To Build a Fire Introduction To Build a Fireisa short story that is anchored on naturalist movement that was largely developed towards the end of the 19th century. Some of the pioneers of this movement include; Edith Wharton, Theodore Dreiser and Jack London. Themes encompasses under the movement are determinism instead of free will; absence of morality, catapulted with survival and indifference in the environment; instinct as opposed to intellectualism, and lower classes are depicted as equal characters. As such, the narrative is anchored on settings and character of the language used to gauge an individual. â€Å"To Survive, You Need to Build a Fire†, the title of the story is a conflicting instinct between man and nature. London story brings out naturalism and indicates that if man does not collaborate with nature he will not survive. As such, survival benefits are only possible if man’s instinct does not seek to benefit him with his surroundings. In light of this, the preoccupation of an individual in search of gold will more likely result in a conflicting situation in a bid to survive. The question becomes, does human action result from brute instincts with the nature he seeks to achieve from? This is wisely answered through the intervention and counsel on how to perform actions in the nature for survival purpose such as the Moby Dick by Herman Melville’s. In the reference to Melville’s narrative on how to hunt a whale, the reader is equipped with skills onShow MoreRelatedJack London s Build A Fire953 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1910, Jack London wrote  "To Build a Fire† with the deliberate intention of meticulously describing the setting for this particular piece. The author intently puts all his efforts to create the setting as an important, valuable role in his main theme. He purposely did not give a name to the man or the dog. He wants to make sure the reader clearly understood the setting and the importance of its role in this story. Mr. London explicitly intertwines his message on the ironic moral reality thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jack London s An Build A Fire 1422 Words   |  6 PagesJack London’s short story â€Å"To Build A Fire† shows that valuing your pride too much can lead to harm, particularly in unsafe environments. The protagonist of this story is a man who is a newcomer to the Klondike region and is traveling during his first winter there, accompanied only by a native husky. He faces various challenges on his journey, including snowy negative seventy-five degrees fahrenheit weather and fro zen river â€Å"traps†. However, his blatant sense of pride eliminates some of his instinctsRead MoreLondon s Personal Experience Of The Alaskan Gold Rush1606 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican author, Jack London. London’s personal experience of the Alaskan Gold Rush is clearly shown in two short stories he wrote about the event, â€Å"Love of Life† and â€Å"To Build a Fire†. These two short stories demonstrate London’s vivid style through the use of figurative language, measurements, point of view, and tone; these stories and their themes about nature’s power over man are also clearly influenced by movements in literature. One of Jack London s short stories, To Build a Fire is about aRead MoreNaturalism In Jack Londons To Build A Fire828 Words   |  4 PagesThe main theme of â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London is naturalism. Jack London has his own experiences in the Youkan that have been said to have links to the story To Build a Fire and his naturalistic viewpoints that have even influenced Ernest Hemmingway. This story was written in the early 1900’s describing a man and his dog who are new to the Yukon. The man and his dog plan on a nine-hour hike in -75 ° F weather. He is warned not to travel alone but the man thinking he is above nature takes on theRead MoreAn Analysis Of To Build A Fire By Jack London1673 Words   |  7 Pages In the story To Build a Fire written by Jack London, a man and a dog travel together through the Yukon in freezing temperatures to get to a cabin where the man’s friends are. The significant events in the story include the man falling into a creek, the man’s fire going out and the dog leaving the mans body reveal the authors’ own understanding of how nature and humanity interact. The use of third person point of view and symbolism work together in order to help readers understand the themes thatRead MoreThe Mystery Of Jack London1338 Words   |  6 Pagestried to build a fire so many times; at this point he is over it. So he tries to kill the dog to sink his hands in the dog’s body. Luckily the man ends up losing control because he is so cold, and ends up dieing. In the story â€Å"To Build a Fire,† Jack London uses naturalism to explain why the protagonist’s lack of knowledge about his surroundings leads to his death. Many things have happened in Jack London’s life. Jack London was born in San Francisco, California, To Flora Wellman. London quite whenRead MoreThe Importance Of Nature In Jack Londons To Build A Fire1012 Words   |  5 PagesIn Jack Londons â€Å"To Build A Fire† the story follows a man and his dog in the Klondike and their obstacles of trying to get to the boys which are his compatriots. The story revolves around the winter and how mankind reacts to the wild. The author uses nature to illustrate the poem’s tone by vilifying nature and using it as an obstacle. In the story â€Å"To Build A Fire† the climate is cold. â€Å"Before the coming of winter, the old-timer from Sulphur Creek had warned him that one should always travel inRead MoreTheme Of A Fire By Jack London1376 Words   |  6 Pages To Build a Fire Jack Thurman Prof Cole Bellamy Week 3 In To Build a Fire by Jack London, the setting plays a significant role throughout the entire short story. Jack London uses certain techniques to establish the atmosphere of the story. By introducing his readers to the setting, prepares them for a tone that is depressed and frightening. Isolated by an environment of frigid weather and doom, the author shows us how the main character of the story is completely unaware of his surroundingsRead MoreThe Unnamed Man s Imminent Downfall1522 Words   |  7 PagesMan’s Imminent Downfall Some people tend to not look at the entire picture when evaluating another person and depicting their personality and attitude. While evaluating the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† that was traveling to â€Å"the boys†, it can be inferred that he had many flaws in his personality and in his attitude (London 549). Others might have been blinded by the other pieces of evidence suggesting he was a hero, an intelligent man, or a great outdoorsman. This unnamed man, who has no name for a purposeRead MoreThe Unnamed Man s Imminent Downfall1506 Words   |  7 PagesMan’s Imminent Downfall Some people tend to not look at the entire picture when evaluating another person and depicting their personality and attitude. While evaluating the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† that was traveling to â€Å"the boys†, it can be inferred that he had many flaws in his personality and in his attitude (London 549). Others might have been blinded by the other pieces of evidence suggesting he was a hero, an intelligent man, or a great outdoorsman. This unnamed man, who has no name for a purpose

A short review about cloud computing

Question: Describeabout cloud computing. Answer: 1. Introduction Cloud management system is used to manage the cloud infrastructure. It is also called CIMI (Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface). CIMI started in the year 2010 and soon in the year 2014 it got internationally standardized. There are different models of cloud infrastructure management like IaaS (Infrastructure as a service), SaaS (Software as a service) and PaaS (Platform as a service). The specification would provide the protocol for interacting with the cloud service provider and the consumer. The primary resources of the IaaS are a machine, network and storage and they are managed in such a manner that the customer specification and requirement are fulfilled (Li et al., 2012). There should be provision for upgrading their infrastructure accruing to the client/customer need. 2. Remote Administration and Management The company using cloud computing can use the server according to their needs using the capabilities of the computer. It can automatically stop access to its server and storage without using any human resource (Masud Huang, 2012). The files and documents can be obtained using a wide variety of devices from any global location.(e.g. mobile, tablet, laptop, desktop and workstations). The data stored in cloud storage can be accessed by multiple users irrespective of the location Cloud computing provides elasticity to its users such as a further expansion of storage space is possible on demand. Cloud system optimizes the resource automatically and controls the bandwidth, storage, and process for each user account. 3. Backup and Disaster Recovery It is the term that the computer storage manufacturing companies use and the storage service providers use it to describe that the data stored in their database is available at any moment such as during disaster the data is accessible to the user. When the data is kept in a distributed system they are interlinked with a high-speed connection such as optical fibre connection is used. Data redundancy is to make the data availability greater i.e. the data is duplicated and stored in several backup storage devices into segments and accessed when needed. The storage devices are independent of each other and thus there is flexibility to add more storage options. Two simple methods are used for data availability; Storage Area Network or SAN and Network attached Storage or NAS. Itis the property of a product or system, to work with other products or systems, understanding interfaces completely without any restrictions to access it. The distributed computing system uses data synchronization between the different system in various clouds and the internal systems to synchronies them. The connection between the clouds is difficult so there may be latency for synchronization between the clouds. If a new system is added to the system, it is also synchronized and is interoperable. The interoperability uses much communication protocol and it should share a standard process of data and model. For different platforms, a protocol is used to discover its service and exchange information between them (Dinh et al., 2013). In general, the conceivable stockpiling are easy to locate for the global clients but it offers the administration of distributed computing. The administration of distributed computing is accomplished by the convention of HTTP. To increase the security for the information HTTPS and SSH are mostly used. These use the secure version by encrypting the data that is transferred using this protocol. HTTPS stands for Hypertext transfer protocol and it works in the transport layer of the OSI model. Earlier HTTPS was used in payment gateway sites, emails and for other sensitive websites but now it has widespread and utilized in all types of websites for protecting the authenticity of the page. SSH also called secure shell is an encrypted protocol that allows the user to operate remotely (Jain Paul, 2013). It has replaced its predecessor telnet with its improved encryption feature. The evolution of computers has helped business companies to automate their business process and have an advantage over the global market. Cloud computing in infrastructure management can have an enormous effect on a various range of industries. Cloud = Internet-based access to low cost computing and applications + Internet-based data access and exchange Characteristics of a cloud based infrastructure: Characteristics = Internet Accessibility + On-Demand Self-Service + Pooled Resources + Usage-Based Billing + Elastic Capacity (Opengroup.org, 2016). 4. SLA Assessment According to Ficco et al. (2012) the access to the resources of the different cloud based service providers is provided through a Service Level Agreement (SLA). Cloud based service providers maximise their Quality of Service by balancing their infrastructure and not violating the SLA. The assessment of various risk factors on cloud computing is the goal of this assignment. The method that is used in the framework is used by the consumers and service providers to identify the risk that is deployed during the operation. There are various models in risk management through which the risks can be identified and a solution can be implemented on that risk factor. The effect of the risk on the architecture or design is also executed by risk management. The assessment of the risk has an impact on the cloud computing toolkit. With a proactive system, IT managers can identify most of the problems that causes slowdowns and outages, eliminating much of the downtime associated with a reactive approach. When such thing occurs, the time to repair is shorter because of troubleshooting. Problems are resolved faster, with less effect on both users and ITs. Overall, IT is in a much better position to deliver on its SLAs while still driving innovation (Zheng et al., 2013). It is a contract between the service provider and the customer. The SLA is used to standardise the service provided by the service provider. As an example, an ISP (Internet Service Provider) and an organisation have a service level agreement between them. If the ISP fails to provide internet service to the organisation, the organisation complains the ISP and the mean time between failure, mean time to recovery and mean time to repair is calculated. If it is greater than the time mentioned in the agreement, the organisation may take legal action ag ainst the ISP to pay fine. 5. Benefits of Cloud-based Management Cloud computing can be used for managing the infrastructure of an organisation. It has several benefits for the organization (Jadeja Modi, 2012): 5.1. An increase of efficiency and reducing the Total Cost Ownership Virtualization can help the company to reach a high level of abstraction. The infrastructure cost can be reduced with the use of distributed computing; it removes the limitations and the acceleration is increased for the growth of the company. Virtualization is done in a model and has high level security. It can also be increased or decreased according to the needs this feature is called the scalability (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). The most important benefit of cloud based infrastructure management is lower infrastructure expense. There is no need of maintenance of the servers for the hardware and networking component and it can be upgraded at a nominal cost. 5.2. Increased quality of service As the efficiency is greater the quality of service that the cloud based management provides is also higher. The Iaas service provider provides infrastructure for backup of data during any disaster. The organisation have not to give focus to the servers and hiring staffs for managing the server and networks are not required they can concentrate on the growth of their profession. 5.3. Proactive management of the automated operation The primary goal of proactive management is to prevent problems from occurring at the top level. 5.4. Provision of adaptive security and delivering consistent compliance The virtual machines used in the distributed computing has the provision of adaptive security, only the emails and the payment gateway service can be secured using HTTPS and SSH and rest of the traffic can be accessed using HTTP (Younis et al., 2013). SLAs are of different forms like Customer Based, Service Based and Multilevel Based. The online storage system is cost effective regarding traditional storage systems. The installation cost of a local storage server is much more, and maintenance cost is also taken into account. To access the server remotely VPN (Virtual Private Network) is required (Border et al., 2015). More employees are needed to manage the server, and thus, cloud based is storage is the best solution to be used for business. The cost is one third of the expense of instaling a local storage server with much more features added to it (Wu et al., 2012). 6. Recommendation: 6.1. Google Drive: It is the best suited online storage system for ABC, Inc. Google drive is created by Google for file storage. It allows its user to store data remotely to a cloud based storage space provided by Google; it gives 30 GB of free storage to Google app users and unlimited free storage to students using it for education with the Association of 5 members. With the subscription of extra storage, the storage space can be expanded. If the account is not renewed at the time, a seven-day grace period is given and then the space storage returns to the default free storage. Other files can be accessed but no files can be uploaded to the server. There is an option for downgrading the plan . Also, the storage space can be shrunk if not used by the user. Google Drive also supports third party applications and that can be opened in the drive without instaling any third party software package or application. Google drive can be used offline, and it offers a 15GB of free storage much more than its compe titors. Google has announced to increase its security for its users. Thus, it is the best choice for an organisation to use (Simmhan et al., 2013). 6.2. Checklist to be satisfied by Google Drive Account Governance and Billing Access Management and Security Asset Management Backup and Disaster Management Configuration and Change Management 7. Conclusion: A short review about cloud computing can be viewed from this article. Cloud computing is a new emerging technology that provides both the service provider and the consumer to outcome benefits. The user can have unlimited service with a small investment and infrastructure. Multiple cloud management services are used to provide the user all the service. This article has its primary focus on the utility of cloud technology on infrastructure management. From the study of infrastructure management is has been found that Iaas delivers infrastructure management and it creates a virtual environment that has the flexibility of increasing or decreasing according to the consumer needs. Cost effectiveness is also a factor of distributed cloud computing that empowers classes that are running in remote areas. The different providers pool the resources on a single reservoir, with ease of use. Cloud computing is growing rapidly since it is more user-friendly and users can have access to their files from anywhere in the world. Companies using cloud storage need to pay the amount for space they have used thus reducing their energy consumption up to 70% making their company green and eco-friendly. Cloud storage has several advantages the data stored in cloud servers are natural disaster proof and have a high level of security, and the storage can be expanded according to the needs. References: Border, J., Dillon, D., Pardee, P. 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Network virtualization and software defined networking for cloud computing: a survey.Communications Magazine, IEEE,51(11), 24-31. Li, J., Qiu, M., Ming, Z., Quan, G., Qin, X., Gu, Z. (2012). Online optimization for scheduling preemptable tasks on IaaS cloud systems.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,72(5), 666-677. Simmhan, Y., Aman, S., Kumbhare, A., Liu, R., Stevens, S., Zhou, Q., Prasanna, V. (2013). Cloud-based software platform for data-driven smart grid management. Wu, L., Garg, S. K., Buyya, R. (2012). SLA-based admission control for a Software-as-a-Service provider in Cloud computing environments.Journal of Computer and System Sciences,78(5), 1280-1299. Younis, M. Y. A., Kifayat, K. (2013). Secure cloud computing for critical infrastructure: A survey.Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, Tech. Rep. Zheng, J., Ng, T. S., Sripanidkulchai, K., Liu, Z. (2013). Pacer: A progress management system for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing.Network and Service Management, IEEE Transactions on,10(4), 369-382. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), 583-592.