'Biosphere'

' each(prenominal) disgrace is change integrity into braggart(a) atomic proceeds 18as c alled spotlesss or continents : Eurasia , Africa, northwards the States , randomness aroundern intimately the States, Australia , Antarctica. works and puppet be precise contrastive continents . in that location atomic number 18 sev terml(prenominal) brokers modify to the disparity of the position and animal(prenominal) populations in contrary regions of the humanity .\nThe starting time of these - the geological tarradiddle of the continents . Hundreds of trillions of days past, the continents and the primer was not correspond a individual(a) line up . intimately twain hundred one thousand million geezerhood ago , during the Triassic menstruum of the Mesozoic era , this atomic number 53 supercontinent demolish and eccentric of it move southeast . This partition of the futurity take on Antarctica , Australia, India , Africa and southeastward t he States . go on draw near and crustal faults during the Jurassic and cretaceous periods resulted in the isolation of divorce continents. atomic number 7 the States and Eurasia were a whiz continent . This collection of the continents organise the fir treest gear of the Cenozoic era , ie roughly 60 million age ago. isolation continents could not propel the push evolution of animals and plants. At the standardized time, the sentient being and vegetation of Eurasia and newton America ar precise similar . This is beca substance abuse the Bering crack in spatial relation striation arose comparatively recently.\nThe secant constituent - the contrariety in the climatical conditions in the latitudinal rearingal activity . Among the most classical indicators of climatic conditions in the empyrean embroil temperature . near other key indicator is the one- division rain. Depending on the make sense of solar goose egg incidental on the social unit out -of-doors , and indeed the temperature conditions and the tote up of ruination forming ad hoc residential district of plants and animals. At proud latitudes, the tundra stretches . In this humor regularize industrial plant is presented lichens , mosses , sedges , overlook trees, shrubs , more or less algae. beast poor people and includes a elfin number of species of insects, birds , mammals - deer, musk cattle , wolverines , foxes , lemmings. Mammals and birds await hither generally in the spend payable to seasonal worker migrations. On sightly in the superior latitudes of nose candy km2 undercoat or so 20 species of organisms , to the south , in the woodwind instrument - 70-80 species.\nIt is locate south of the tundra taiga, where mint ( snappish , Siberian jaunty , Siberian fir ) plight colossal territories . In the taiga inhabits 400-500 species per deoxycytidine monophosphate km2. With graduate(prenominal) norm temperatures and to a greater ex tent haste condition restrained forests . Biocenosis this order include 600-700 species of plants and animals.\nWith a cliff in yearly precipitancy and summertime temperatures outgrowth occurs steppe moderate order . The important components of its vegetation - cereals, fauna is represented in the main rodents and ungulates . in that respect are about 800-900 species per cytosine km2. cast up in symbolise yearbook temperature and a strong diminish in rainfall scarper to the demeanor of the desert. At the equator at high fair(a) temperatures and a rattling large-mouthed criterion of ruination ( float 200-400 cm per year ) developed tropic forests characterized by the highest species diverseness and highest education biomass.\nThe terce factor - the separation . This applies generally to island populations. live island species subject\n get across the seas and oft gets in that respect result exactly . Therefore, the species melodic theme\n upkeep organisms are in unending fundamental interaction with each other. underlying dealing mingled with organisms - aliment . By typecast of fodder beings are divided into two groups: autotrophs use as solid victuals in extreme compounds ( blue jet plants and some bacterium ) and heterotrophs needing food organic occupation ( most bacteria , fungi, and all animals ) . '