The Evolution Of English Through Time English Language Essay

The Evolution Of side of meat Through Time slope Language EssayIn the beginning, life was simple and life forms were non- labyrinthian. parley between these life forms was also simple, spoken communication and verbiages did not equal. As life evolved, and Homo sapiens began roaming the Earth, the need for spoken communication became prerequisite and terminologys were born. Join me in an exploration of how the slope language came to be, and how it has evolved over time.. The papistical Empire controlled England for centuries however, by the early 400s the Irish, Britons, and Anglo Saxons invaded and began settling England for themselves. Though distributively of these tribes had their receive language, their speech patterns were close enough for them to understand each other. The language that developed from this inter-twining of tribes became cognise as Anglo-Saxon or octogenarian position. Later, during the 800s, with the arrival of the Vikings, dickens things happe ned to this erstwhile(a) face language. The maiden was that many fewtime(a) Norse dustup were added, and the second, was the complex conjugations began to decline as people disagreed about which iodines to office. The alphabet of the Old side language did not work the garner k, q, v, x or z, and the pronunciations of some of the letters changed depending upon what letters were near them. Vowels were easy with the short vowels a, e, i, o existence pronounced pretty much the same, as they are today, the exception was the vowel u, and its pronunciation was to a greater extent(prenominal) like the pronunciation of the term book today. The broad vowels were often marked with an accent mark and meet a in all different pronunciation from the wide vowels sounds we recognize today. A large with short and long vowels, the Old side language included three double vowels, each with short and long versions.In 1066, the French-Normans under the rule of William the Conqueror in vaded England manner of speaking political change and their French-Norse language, which they made the official language of the monarchy and elite. However, due to the free-and-easy need to communicate with the side of meat peasant class, the common language became incline. prior(prenominal) to the Norman invasion, Latin had however a minor influence on the English language, but afterwards there was an influx of Anglo-Norman haggle added to the English language. There was a split between original Germanic words apply by the common class and the Norman words used by the elite for every(prenominal)day items. plain and cow are an mannikin of the split in words used by the elite versus the peasants, as beef was often eaten by the elite, while cows were tended by the peasants. Beef has its roots in Anglo-Norman while cow comes from Germanic roots. Many healthy terms are also derived from Anglo-Norman roots because the Normans ran the courts. Sometimes, French words replaced O ld English words completely, while other times French and Old English combined creating rude(a) words. It is important to understand that Middle English was not the only language spoken during this period in England Scots, Cornish and Welsh were also spoken and differ from Middle English. This accounts for the significant differences in dialects from each of the above areas versus the dialect spoken in London. Sometime in the 12th light speed, the French Influence in England began to fade and a image of writers began compose in the vernacular language rather than French, Latin or classic. The 14th century produced the most notable vernacular writer of the time, Geoffrey Chaucer the cause of The natesterbury Tales. Since then, the English language has been absorbing vocabulary from many languages around the world. English steadily adds the creation of new words and new uses for old words by the sub-cultures of the English-speaking world.Until the 16th century, French remained t o be the literary language and Latin the scholarly language of Europe. The evolution of Middle English into too soon Modern English began during the Renaissance in the 16th century when a renewed interest in education sparked across England and most of Europe. As a result of the growing interest in the writings of ancientness many Latin and Greek words were introduced into the English language. Along with the gate of new words into the English language a shift of vowels, changes to some consonants and grammar were also mathematical function of the evolution of English at this time. As more literary works began to be written, the need for the stabilizing the spelling of words became important. One of the earliest attempts at stabilizing the spelling of words came in 1582 with the book Elementarie, by Richard Mulcaster. Some of the principles he established include the removal of all unnecessary letters, adding letters to words to indicate correct pronunciation and the use of a fi nal silent e to mark long vowels distinguishing them from short vowels. Mulcaster also established other principles, but these three are the most significant. Many spelling concepts within the English language exist simply because some Norman scribe first spelled an English word using the phonetic principles of his own native language. From the sixteenth through the ordinal centuries, the spelling conventions for many words in the English language bugger off been determined by referring to their original forms as a guide resulting in an unusual combination of old and modern practices. Many of the spellings, including the silent letters of words that we use today were established in the first printed books, and pay back remained that way because it would have been unfeasible to change printed texts after distribution. By the seventeenth century, it became abundantly correct that avail was required for writers to gain a clear brain of the meanings of words and their spelling. On e of the first books to offer such assistance was A Table Alphabeticall, published in 1604 by Robert Cawdrey. It was intended to only define difficult and unusual words in the English language that were derived from the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or French languages. This book contained approximately 2500 words with an interpretation of the meaning. The first book to actually call itself a dictionary though, was The English Dictionarie published in 1623 by Henry Cockeram. This book was a two part work claiming to be able to not only help readers with the understanding of the difficult to understand writings of some authors, but also to shoot speedily an elegant immaculateion of the English tongue in reading, writing and speaking. The first part of Cockerams book contained brief definitions of words that may have been important to the 17th century elite who may have cherished to leave an educated impression on those they spoke with. Many of his words, were indeterminate contrivances cobbled together from bits and pieces of Latin, and were therefrom amusingly inventive however lacked clear understanding. spot the second part of his book reversed the process, listing everyday words, following them with his inventive version of meanings meant to show people how to turn simple statements into more impressive complicated ones. Fortunately, this allure to the obscure finally ended.The 18th century once again brought changes to the English language. These evolutionary changes were brought on by two major events the first was the ascent of the British Empire and the British industrial Revolution. The ascent of the British Empire introduced the English language to the world and the new discoveries in the industrial and scientific fields introduced new words into the English language. The classic languages did not support words like oxygen, nuclear, protein or vaccine, therefore Late Modern English relied heavily on Latin and Greek for the creation of these new words. Late Modern English is the form of English that has lasted through to the 21st century, continuing to add new words every few years, as generations of people start using them. A perfect example of 21st century evolution in English today, is the use of SMS language to replace complete words while using the newest technology of cellular phones and computer chat rooms in the internet. SMS English is the use of acronyms to state either a whole word or a grouping of words to relay a heart. It is a form of the English language that was used during the time of the telegraph, and although using it to relay a message within a text message may be sudden and easier, it does not follow any standard rules for grammar or spelling or even which acronyms are word specific. Some have claimed that the use of SMS English is wrecking the English language, and from what I have heard and read in my college rhetoric classes, I tend to agree. However, with the addition of at least one SMS word in the En glish dictionary recently, it appears that the increased use of this dialect is at hand.What evolutionary change could be next after that of SMS? Could the English language evolve from SMS to more technical forms like that of fax machines? Can you imagine walking into a classroom or down the path and listening to people use beeps and slurs to communicate? One thing we do know for sure is that change and evolution is inevitable, and the changes on the horizon leave come just as we learn what OMG and LOL are meant to convey.

Legalizing Marijuana in society

Legalizing marihuana in societyLegalizing flowerpotnabisWhile most passel recognize only the negative and revile that goes with cannabis use in society, thither atomic number 18 several exacting effects that ar being ignored. In an essay written by Carl Sagan (1969), an advocator for legalizing ganja, he states, The il truth of cannabis ( cannabis) is pop outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a dose which helps produce the serenity and insight, sensitivity and fellowship so urgently needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world. Too many an(prenominal) persons, marihuana users and correct those who dont use the medicine share similar sen termnts. States comparable California assume begun the quest for legalizing marijuana after many debates.marihuana or cannabis as it is commonly c completelyed is a green or gray mixture of dried, shredded flowers and leaves of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. It is smoke-dried by rolling it in tobacco paper or posi tion it into a pipe. This medicine is consumed by a great number of the great unwashed around the world. in that respect are over two hundred take up terms for marijuana including pot, herb, weed, boom, Mary Jane, ganger and chronic. The drug has always been tradeed an illicit drug ever since Harry Anslinger made false remarks at a earshot in 1937. However, many people cultivate it on a minute or large scale for exchange to the public and people in work out purchase it for use as a form of entertainment and even medical reasons. Although from all accounts, many persons consider marijuana to be the least harmful drug among others, including alcoholic drink and cigarettes, it is forbidden by integrity in many countries and parts of the United States of America. Some commonly pull drug crimes include possession of the drug, possession with the intent to sell, cultivation of the drug drug trafficking, manufacture and distribution.Supporters of the criminalization of marijuana in the United States consider the use of the drug a felony and the laws governing marijuana are as rigid as those regulating cocaine or heroin. Users of the drug and even non-users request that laws be modified to alleviate the penalties related to its conviction when peerless is charged, or to have the drug legalized. It is proven that among all the crimes related to drug use, there are fewer crimes related to that of marijuana use. The Office of know Drug Committee in its report on the number of persons in jail for drug related crimes states that marijuana accounts for vertical 13 pct of all drug state offenders. From a broader prospective of the entire prison house population, it was noted that marijuana was multiform in the conviction of 2.7 percent of all state inmates. About 1.6 percent of the state prison population was held for offenses involving just marijuana while just 0.7 percent was incarcerated with marijuana possession as the only charge and 0.3 percent was firs t era offenders.It is claimed by the supporters of the legality of marijuana, that the drug stimulates crime in society. Yet, they ignore the saucer-eyed fact that it is because of the set but deteriorating law enforcements imposed on the use of the drug that encourages these simple crimes. An expert supports this in the pursual words,If marijuana users are no long-acting jailed for possession of the drug, lots of room ordain be unfastened up in our already overcrowded prison system of ruless for more than hardened offenders such as murderers, rapists, child molesters and other violent criminals. The judicial system pass on no longer be burdened by having to trial cases involving marijuana. As a result, the police result be able to allocate more resources to solving more violent crimes. Since marijuana could therefore be purchased at any drug store after being legalized, violent crimes such as robbery, drug warfare, contamination of drugs by other substances such as LSD , PCP and cocaine could quickly become a thing of the iodine-time(prenominal) (Saldevar, J., 2006).It is stunning to note the number of persons admitted in hospital emergency retinue due to the use of alcohol and cigarette (tobacco) use legal drugs. The following are statistics on alcohol vs. marijuana use. Records show that 100 k deaths annually are directly linked to acute alcohol tipsiness while in 4,000 years of recorded history no one has died from marijuana overdose. It is also stated that alcohol causes physical and psychological dependences as well as temporary and permanent damages to all major(ip) organs of the body. Marijuana therefore, is a much less violent provoking substance than alcohol. It can be confirmed by hospital government that there are few or no marijuana related illness in their emergency rooms, while billions of dollars are spent on other illnesses, and this is worldwide. Therefore, it should not be maintained that this drug be considered a public threat.Marijuana legality allow instigate cultivation and sale on small or large scale farms. The high carry for this drug will be met with governments gaining from taxes and licenses from the farmers. There will be no more drug-trafficking or smuggling of marijuana but instead tape transport companies to profit from such activities. This multi-billion dollar industry will by no means fail the economy, once it is regulated. Currently, the governments are at a release simply because it is already a growing industry that they are not gaining from. The revenues that will be derived from taxes can bring much needed repose from debts of the economy. Other segments of the state including education, health, and security among others, will have better programs as a result of sufficient or perhaps overflowing notes disbursed throughout the country.Employment will no longer be an issue once this new drug industry has been controlled. With such major investments waiting and the creation of employment certain, drug dealers or cultivators can now be equated to sales men or businessmen. Standard of living in the country or the world by extension will surely be thriving. Opponents of the legalization of marijuana should not deprive any county from such sparing gain.While critics claim that marijuana should not be decriminalized, advocates maintain powerfully that if the drug is regulated and taxed like other goods such as alcohol and tobacco, it will now become a product with major economical and medical benefits. Companies involved in the manufacture and packaging of the drug will adhere to all government and federal standards. This will include detach labels such as ingredients listings and disclaimers placed on parcels so as to advice and rebuke users of its contents. These should be clearly and strategically placed on each package with supervised dosages recommended by federal and medical advisors. In that way there may be no case of misuse and the drug will be kept out of the reach of minors. When such health standards are put in place, the onus will be on the companies involved to adhere to regulations of the state. Legal drugs like alcohol and cigarettes can be out of reach for minors because they are sold in stores who need licenses. These stores have an incentive to sell only to adults in order to keep their license. There should be similar incentives for marijuana dealers. To protect our children we must give these marijuana dealers an invitation not to sell to them illegally. This cannot be done in a system of marijuana prohibition because we cannot take a license away if we did not give it out.To alleviate the many social and economic issues that stem from marijuana use, it is crucial that the drug be regulated and controlled. A freelance source shares the same sentiments in an article by saying If we take marijuana off the streets and regulate it, we will diminish organized crime problems (Marshall, 2005). Advocators will agre e that the negative effects caused by marijuana use are only increasing because of the laws against it. Such a controversial issue can be dealt with so easily with much to gain from. It is high time that young men on the streets became professional business men in the thriving industry that they are all passionate of, yet subdue by law enforcements. It is the economys current state that has given people incentives to judge financial relief and recreation in marijuana use. It is now the economys turn to attain much more. The rewards from legalizing marijuana are unlimited. The end of all pauperism and government debt lies in the hands of those who keep this harmless drug prohibited. References bedevil S., Armento P., Tvert M. (2009) Marijuana is safe So why are we driving people to drink? White River Junction, VT Chelsea Green.Katel P. (2009, June 12). Legalizing Marijuana. CQ Researcher, 19, 525-548. Retrieved February 01, 2010, from CQ Researcher Online http//library.cqpress.co m/cqresearcher/getpdf.php?file=cqr20090612C.pdfKlein J. (2009, April 02). Why legalizing marijuana makes sense. Time. Retrieved February 05, 2010, from http//www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1889021,00.htmlKubby S. (2003). Why marijuana should be legal. New York Thunders embouchure Press.Marshall P. (2005, February 11). Marijuana Laws. CQ Researcher, 15, 125-148. Retrieved February 01, 2010, from CQ Researcher Online http//library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/getpdf.php?file=cqr20050211C.pdfMoffat M. (n.d.). Should governments legalize and tax marijuana? About.com Economics. Retrieved February 05, 2010, from http//economics.about.com/od/incometaxestaxcuts/a/marijuana.htmSagan, C. (1969). Mr. X. In Marihuana reconsidered. (pp. 109-116). Cambridge, MA Harvard UniversitySaldevar, J. (2006, August 16). Marijuana The simple logical benefits of legalization. Associated Content. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http//www.assciatedcontent.com /article/50880/marijuana_the_simple_logical _benefits.html?cat=9

Direct Effects of Financial Repression in India

Direct Effects of fiscal Repression in IndiaFINANCIAL REPRESSION (PAPER 7)Financial repression refers to the whimsy that a set of organization regulations, laws, and early(a) non- grocery restrictions prevent the pecuniary intermediaries of an thrift from functioning at their full aptitude (McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973)PAPER 1).Gener onlyy, fiscal repression consists of three elements. First, the riming corpse is forced to hold goernment bonds and money by dint of the imposition of spicy arriere pensee and liquid ratio solicitments. This al deplor opens the government to pay budget deficits at a low or zero cost. Second, given that government revenue git non be extracted that easily from private securities, the phylogenesis of private bond and paleness market places is discouraged. Finally, the banking agreement is characterized by occupy-to doe with tempo ceilings to prevent competition with earthly concern firmament fund raising from the private sector a nd to encourage inexpensive investment (PAPER 1).The policies that cause pecuniary repression take on interest rate ceilings, fluidity ratio requirements, high bank reserve requirements, ceiling controls and restrictions on market entry into the pecuniary sector, belief ceilings or restrictions on aimions of impute allocation, and government ownership or domination of banks (PAPER 7).Economists grow commonly argued that pecuniary repression prevents the efficacious allocation of capital and thereby impairs economic increment. While conjecturally an rescue with an efficient pecuniary system dirty dog achieve egress and learning through efficient capital allocation, McKinnon and Shaw argue that historically, some countries, including developed ones un slight especially developing ones, sport restricted competition in the monetary sector with government interventions and regulations. According to their wrinkle, a repressed fiscal sector discourages twain econo mic system and investment because the range of return argon inflict than what could be obtained in a matched market. In much(prenominal) a system, monetary intermediaries do not function at their full capacity and fail to channel saving into investment efficiently, thereby impeding the out offset of the overall economic system (PAPER 7).This paper aims to analyse the concept of fiscal repression and conditions why it is seen and detrimental to economic growthexplain sections below.Rationale for and types of fiscal repressionThe key reason for the government to fulfil financially repressive policies is to control fiscal resources. By having a direct control over the financial system, the government can funnel funds to itself without passing play through legislative procedures and more stingily than it could when it resorts to market financing. More specifically, by restricting the demeanour of existing and authorization participants of the financial markets, the govern ment can create monopoly or captivate rents for the existing banks and also tax some of these rents so as to finance its overall budget. Existing banks may try to collude with each other and to oppose possible liberalisation policies as long as they atomic number 18 guaranteed their joint monopoly position in the domestic market.In some countries, governments require banks to suitable high range of the reserve ratios, and use the reserves as a method to generate revenues. Since reserves earn no interest, they function as an implicit tax on banks and restrict banks from allocating a certain dower of their portfolios to productive investments and loans. If high reserve requirements are combined with interest ceilings and protective government directives for certain borrowers, savers who are ordinarily unaware of the requirement insurance become the main taxpayers because they face reduced rate of interest on their nest egg. Inflation can aggravate the reserve tax because it reduces the veridical rates of interest.Thus, high reserves requirements make the best use of the governments monopolistic effect to generate seigniorage revenue as swell up(p) as to regulate reserve requirements. A variant of this policy includes involve liquidity ratios that is when banks are necessary to allot a certain fraction of their states to holding government securities that usually yield a return glare than could be obtained in the market.Governments oftentimes impose a ceiling on the interest rate banks can offer to depositors. busy ceilings function in the same way as price controls, and thereby provide banks with economic rents. Like high required reserve ratios, those rents benefit incumbent banks and provide tax sources for the government, paid for by savers and by borrowers or would-be-borrowers. The rents borne by the interest ceiling reduce the routine of loans available in the market thereby discouraging both saving and investment. In return for allowi ng incumbent banks to reap rents, the government often require banks to make subsidized loans to certain borrowers for the purpose of implementing industrial policy (or plain achieving political goals).Interest ceilings in high inflation countries can damage savers because high inflation can make the real interest rates of return negative. Financial repression also takes the form of government directives for banks to allocate credit at subsidized rates to specific firms and industries to implement industrial policy. Forcing banks to allocate credit to industries that are perceived to be strategically big for industrial policy ensures stable provision of capital rather than leaving it to decisions of munificent banks or to efficient securities markets. It is also more cost effective than going through the semipublic sectors budgetary process.Government directives and guidance sometimes include detailed orders and instructions on managerial issues of financial institutions to ens ure that their behaviour and business is in line with industrial policy or other government policies. The Japanese Ministry of Finance (MOF) is a typical example of governments micromanagement of financial industry.Capital controls are restrictions on the inflows and outflows of capital and are also financially repressive policies. Despite their virtues, the use of capital controls can involve costs. Because of their noncompetitive nature, capital controls increases the cost of capital by creating financial autarky limits both domestic and foreign investors ability to diversify portfolios and helps inefficient financial institutions survive.Impacts of Financial RepressionBecause financial repression leads to inefficient allocation of capital, high costs of financial intermediation, and lower rates of return to savers, it is theoretically clear that financial repression inhibits growth (Roubini and Sala-i-Martin, 1992). The experimental findings on the effect of removing financial repression, i.e., financial liberalization on growth supports this view, only when various channels through which liberalization spurs growth pay back been evidenced.The possible negative effect of financial repression on economic growth does not automatically mean that countries should adopt a laissez-faire location on financial development and remove all regulations and controls that create financial repression. Many developing countries that liberalized their financial markets experienced crises partly because of the external shocks that financial liberalization introduces or amplifies.Financial liberalization can create short-run volatility despite its long-term gains (Kaminsky and Schmukler, 2002). Also, because of market im honeions and information asymmetries, removing all public financial regulations may not yield an optimal environment for financial development. An alternative to a financially repressive administration would be a new set of regulations to ensure market competition as well as prudential regulation and supervision.ECONOMIC THOUGHTSThe literature on finance and development postulates a symbiotic relationship betwixt the evolution of the financial system and the development of the real economy. This prediction is common to both the McKinnon-Shaw sexual climax and the endogenous growth literature. However, while in the former financial development determines the level of steady-state output, in the latter it is a determinant of the equilibrium rate of economic growth.In the McKinnon-Shaw literature the basis for the relationship between financial and economic development is Gurley and Shaws (1955) debt-intermediation hypothesis. In this framework an increase in financial saving relational to the level of real economic activity increases the effect of financial intermediation and stand ups productive investment which, in turn, heightens per-capita income. In these warnings titulary interest rate controls inhibit capital accumul ation because they reduce the real rate of return on bank deposits, thereby discouraging financial saving. Moreover, high reserve requirements also exert a negative entice on financial intermediation by increasing the draw between impart and deposit rates. Under a competitive banking system this wedge is an increasing function of the rate of inflation. Thus higher real interest rates encourage capital accumulation and real economic activity, by and large through an increase in the extent of financial intermediation.The competitive model of the banking industry are theoretically inadequate because First, in legion(predicate) less developed countries the banking industry is typically dominated by a meek number of banks and collusive behaviour is not uncommon. Second, asymmetric information in loan markets is sufficient to generate a considerable degree of market power for lenders.Theoretical inadequacy relates to the implication of the assumptions of perfect competition, which l eave atomic room for analyzing the behaviour of banks and their reactions to government interventions. Departure of the benchmark model from perfect competition has important implications for the way in which repressionist policies affect financial development. These cause may differ depending on the source of the departure from perfectly competitive behaviour. In the case where the departure is due to collusive behaviour, banking controls may buzz off banks to use non-interest-rate methods to influence the volume of bank deposits.Whenever the departure from perfect competition is due to imperfect information, the possibility of government corrective actions must be acknowledged. According to Stiglitz (1993), interest rate restrictions may be able to call off moral hazard in the form of excessive risk taking by banks. Thus if one is prepared to assume that depositors perceive such restrictions as enhancing the constancy of the banking system, their imposition may increase depo sitors willingness to hold their savings in the form of bank deposits. However, this crucially depends on how government policies are perceived by the public, which in turn relates to the existence or other than of good governance.Ill perceived and/or executed policies may have the opposite effect than that predicted by the market failure paradigm. Thus the achiever or failure of certain policies may largely depend on the effectiveness of the institutions that implement them (World aver (1993). The endogenous growth literature offers additive channels through which financial sector policies may affect financial development, independently of the real rate of interest. In contrast to the Courakis-Stiglitz analysis, where repressionist policies may have positive make, this literature typically predicts negative personal effects.The above analyses serve to bespeak that the effects of certain types of interventionist policies as well as the channel through which they work may be dif ferent than has so far been acknowledge by much of the experimental literature. In particular, these policies may have direct effects on financial depth by (1) changing the willingness of banks to raise deposits by non-interest-rate methods, and (2) changing the willingness of savers to furnish their savings to the banking system. Thus these policies can have effects over and above-and sometimes conflicting with-those that are widely recognized in the literature.DATA ANALYSISWe focus on the economy of India for a variety of reasons. Besides the obvious reason that India is one of the most important developing economies in the world, it also has a rich history of vary types of repressionist policies which aids the statistical investigation. In the late 1950s the financial system of India was fairly liberal with no ceilings on interest rates and low reserve requirements. In the early 1960st he government tightened its control over the financial system by introducing lending rate controls, higher liquidity requirements, and by establishing state development banks for industry and agriculture. This process culminated in the communisation of the 14 largest commercial banks in 1969. Further nationalizations took place in 1980. Interest rate controls were rigidly applied from the 1970s to the late 1980s to all types of loans and deposits. The term structure of interest rates was largely dictated by the Reserve Bank. Credit planning, a formal system of enjoin credit introduced in 1970, increasingly covered a very large constituent of total lending. Moreover, concessionary lending rates were offered to priority sectors. The late 1980s were, however, marked by the beginning of a process of gradual liberalization of the financial system. Ceilings on lending rates began to be lifted in 1988 and were alone abolished in 1989. Finally, further relaxations on directed credit and concessionary lending rates took place in 1990 and 1992.Interestingly, the great power a ppears to reflect quite well many of the policy shifts that occurred during the sample period. According to this index, the early 1960s appear to be characterized with gradual increases in the level of financial repression. There was some stability in the mid-1960s followed by a big jump in 1969. This behaviour coincides with developments in the 1960s which culminated with the nationalization of the largest eleven banks in 1969, which allowed the Reserve Bank of India to intensify its directed credit program and to impose controls on deposit rates. The 1970s were characterized with the gradual imposition of more controls, i .e. a lending rate floor operated during 1973 and 1974, a lending rate ceiling was obligate in 1975 and remained in operation for 13 years, and reserve requirements (PAPER 3) were raised in 1976. The early 1980s saw even more controls imposed and an intensification of the directed credit program. Once again the gradual increase in the index follows these develop ments quite well. The index drips significantly in 1985, which coincides with a partial deregulating of deposit rate controls. It then rises again, reflecting the reintroduction of deposit rate controls in 1988 and a 4% increase of reserve requirements in 1989, but drops again in 1990 when the directed credit program is relaxed. Finally, there is a small drop of the index in 1991, which coincides with further deregulations of deposit rates. (PAPER 3)RECOMMENDATION (financial liberalisation)Since the break-up of the colonial empires, many developing countries suffered from stagnant economic growth, high and persistent inflation, and external imbalances at a lower place a financially repressed regime. To cope with these difficulties economic experts had advocated what they called Financial liberalization mainly a high interest rate policy to zip capital accumulation, hence growth with lower rates of inflation (McKinnon (1973), Shaw (1973), Kapur (1976) and Matheison (1980)). Their argument that relaxation of the institutionally determined interest rate ceilings on bank deposit rates would lead to price stabilization and long-run growth through capital accumulation is based on the following chronology of events (a) the higher deposit rates would cause the households to substitute away from unproductive assets (foreign currency, cash, land, good stocks, an so on) in favour of bank deposits (b) this in turn would raise the availability of deposits into the banking system, and would enhance the supply of bank credit to finance firms capital requirements, and (c) this upsurge in investment would cause a strong supply side effect leading to higher output and lower inflation.(paper 1) cultivationThe main finding of this paper is that the direct effects of financial repression in India were negative and quite substantial. We would, however, advise caution in generalizing from these results to other countries. It is well known that the success of economic policies l argely depends on the effectiveness of the institutions that implement them, and this clearly varies from country to country (e.g., World Bank (1993)). Thus we would not be surprised if future research showed- that the direct effects of financial repression in other countries (e.g., South Korea) were positive and significant.19 In fact, according to our theoretical analysis, the possibility of positive effects cannot be ruled out. Our conjecture is that repressionist policies may have positive effects whenever they are able to successfully consultation market failure. How-ever, market failure should encompass not only information-related imperfections but also those pertaining to the structure of the banking industry, as the latter may be as important. Our results highlight a number of potentially fruitful avenues for further research. From a theoretical view point much work needs to be done to model financial repression in a framework where banks are more active than has so far b een customarily assumed. Models where banks are able to influence the volume of their loanable funds may also be in the spirit of the modem banking literature, which emphasises the importance of active liability management. In such a framework it would be interesting to explore the role of market structure. A game-theoretic approach may also be taken, which could yield rich insights closely the strategic aspects of financial repression. From an empirical point of view, the examination of the direct effects of financial repression in other countries is likely to be of considerable value. Furthermore, comparisons of these effects across different economies are likely to shed light on the relative effectiveness of repressionist policies, thereby providing indirect evidence on relative levels of good governance. Finally, our results suggest that there is also considerable scope for empirical studies of bank behaviour under conditions of financial repression. (PAPER 3)

Analysis of Data Leakage Prevention Solution

Analysis of entropy relief valve legal community resolventAnuja Vasant Kale, Vishwajeet Bajpayee, Shyam P DubeyABSTRACT In whatsoever plaque or administration we imbibe to push-down storage with lots of entropy. Those entropy whitethorn contain undercover instruction about the customer, project related selective information, employee personal selective information and so by If such oddball of secret info is leaked from the organization then it may affect on the organization health. Hence we ease up to enforce almost policies in order to prevent entropy leakage. data leakage is a qualifying of data which tidy sum be totalred on any reposition device where the data is stored. There ar two slipway in which data can be leaked if the system is hacked or if the internal picks on purpose or unintentionally make the data public. If the system is hacked then we have nigh existing technologies like antivirus, firewall etc which can prevent data from leakage. We entrust discuss here the second scenario where we provide data leakage streak replys. We make the hold of a bayesian theorem for maintaining privyity of data in an organization.KEYWORDS reactive data, data leakage, internal attack, external attack, data leakage ginmill, bayesian admittance. doorwayNowadays, Information Security became a vital and a major subject, oddly with the spreading of information sharing among private and public networks for all organizations crossways diametrical industrial sectors (e.g. telecom, banking, fostering all over the world). The importance of securing information is playing a significant role especially when sharing, distributing, accessing and publishing any information that had been classified as a affectionate, either for the organization itself or the clients who sharing their private information with the organization, such as information stored, sh atomic write down along 18d, distributed and viewed by capacity of the electron ic documents systems and/or images of paper documents systems widely used by a lot of organizations.Many of organizations have given a great deal of heed has been given to protect their reactive data from the outback(a) threats by utilise a set of bail countermeasures like intrusion prevention systems, firewalls, and comement of the vulnerability points inside them. So, organizations must now turn their attention to an equally critical situation that forms -for them- a great challenge today, that is the task of data leaking or injustice from the inside.In fact, in many organizations thithers a gaping hole in controlling, monitoring, and protecting its fear environment and electronic data assets from leaking or passing play to the wrong individuals or groups intentionally or accidentally. This hole is the now ubiquitous in businesses, health, education organizations and individuals who need needed to communicate with to each iodin other over the internet network.In our d ays, many of the electronic communications heavily used inside any organization for many purposes, for instance local mail, instant messaging, weathervane mail, data files transferring, and to a fault organization website tranquillize go largely to different destinations without any limitations, monitoring, and controlling on its movements from the organization. Thus, the expected result for this issue is in that location is a big potential for the organization confidential information be falling into the wrong hands. Surely, from this significant point, the organization culture medium data should be protected very well, otherwise will be facing tragical results like business loss, damaged spirit, bad publicity, loss of strategic customers, and loss of competitiveness with the other organizations.As a result, any organization using similar electronic document system must keep a close eye to punch spiritualist data that had gone forth/back finished this system or application to maintain reputation and business continuous, and ensure regulations, laws compliance, along with macrocosm different from others. One of the juvenile methodologies and technical solution has been raised to top is the info Leakage bar (DLP) solution, which is basically protecting sensitive data of an organization from being viewed by wrong individuals, whether from outside or even inside the organization. This basically mean that specific data can be viewed by totally a specific set of an authorized individuals or groups for them.Related workAs organizations progress into a more technological environment, the amount of digitally stored data increases dramatically. As a consequence, keeping track of where it is stored is no longer as flaccid as before. The modern workforce naturally creates and uses data sensitive to the organization to do their job. This data is then used across operate such as email, business applications and cloud-service, as well as being accessed from multiple devices, including laptops and diligent phones. In many cases it is even hard for the users to eliminate the amount of data they deal with themselves, and the (ir) responsibility doesnt end in that location. In addition, a user also needs to keep track of how sensitive data is and who should be allowed to access it.DLP is a recent type of guarantor technology that works toward securing sensitive data in an automated and non-intrusive fashion. through and through policies a DLP system automatically makes sure no sensitive data is stored, sent or accessed where it shouldnt be, while still allowing users to use the tools and services they choose and need to fulfil their tasks. Unlike traditional white- and blacklisting, the DLP only blocks the actions where sensitive data is involved, e.g. pointing e-mails is perfectly acceptable, but not if they contain sensitive data. DLP can also be set to handle different levels of sensitivity and document access control. To quote Geo rge Lawton DLP systems keep people from deliberately or inadvertently sending out sensitive material without authorization 9.In addition to protecting sensitive data, a modern DLP should be adaptive, mobile and as tokenishly intrusive as possible 7. Adaptive pith that it can work in different environments and be configured to graceful the needs of a wide range of different businesses. Mobile means that it can still protect the data, even when the device is used outside the company network. The products today only fulfil this to a certain degree. DLP is still maturing, but unlike a few years ago, most vendors have standardized on the core functionality that defines a modern DLP solution.Proposed SystemIn Todays business world, many organizations use Information Systems to manage their sensitive and business critical information. The need to protect such a key component of the organization cannot be over emphasized. Data deprivation/Leakage Prevention has been found to be one of t he effective ways of preventing Data Loss.DLP solutions detect and prevent unauthorized attempts to copy or send sensitive data, both intentionally or/and unintentionally, without authorization, by people who are authorized to access the sensitive information.DLP is aspirationed to detect potential data breach incidents in timely manner and this happens by monitoring data. Data Loss Prevention is found to be the data leakage/loss control instrument that fits naturally with the organizational structure of businesses. It not only helps the organization protect structured data but it also helps testimonial and leakage prevention of unstructured data.In any organization or institution we have to maintain lots of sensitive data or confidential data. These data may contain the confidential information regarding the projects customer privileged data or employee personal data if such type of confidential data is leaked from the organization then it may affect on the organization health.D ata leakage is a loss of data that occur on any device that stores data. It is a problem for anyone that uses a computer. Data loss happens when data may be physically or logically removed from the organization either intentionally or unintentionally.A data stored on any storage device can be leaked in two ways if the system is hacked or if the internal resources intentionally or unintentionally make the data public.Hacking can be prevented by conservatively configuring your Firewalls and other aegis devices. We will be discussing the second scenario i.e. if an internal resource makes the sensitive data public. Consider the possibility of an employee leaking the sensitive data. Now there are various ways in which data can take the organization via internet, Email, webmail, FTP etc. Consider the possibility that an employee needs to transport the confidential data through Email or and uploading those files on to a server which can be accessed by outside world. Before compass tha t confidential data to the unauthorized person we need to enforce some policies in order to avoid the violation of the organization health.To achieve the basal requirement is to scan the whole outbound traffic. We will maintain the DLP (data connection prevention) server, which would scan the complete attachment to match the ptyalisens. In case the patter matches, the attachment will be corrupted with the User designed message and an automated response E-mail will be sent out. This mechanism is shown in the figure below.Figure 3 The process of Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) mechanism.As shown in the above figure, there is an internal employee of the organization who is trying to send the confidential data via email. Now, before reaching that confidential data to the unauthorized person we need to enforce some policies. For that we are using the Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) Server.3.1 Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) ServerData Leakage Prevention (DLP) is a computer security departm ent term which is used to identify, monitor, and protect data in use, data in motion, and data at rest 1. DLP is used to identify sensitive contentedness by using deep content analysis to per inside files and with the use if network communications. DLP is mainly designed to protect information assets in minimal interference in business processes. It also enforces protective controls to prevent unwished incidents. DLP can also be used to reduce risk, and to improve data management practices and even lower compliance cost.DLP solution prevents confidential data loss by monitoring communications which goes outside of the organization, encrypting emails which contain confidential information. We are enabling conformity with global privacy and data security in securing outsourcing and partner communication. To check whether an email contains confidential data or not, DLP server makes the use of a candid Bayes spam filtering.3.2 Naive Bayes AlgorithmNave Bayesian method is used for the development process. Analyze a mail to calculate its probability of being a Spam using individual characteristic of volumes in the mail.For each word in the mail, calculate the followingS (w) = (number of Spam emails containing the word)/(total number of Spam emails)H (w) = (number of Ham emails containing the word)/(total number of Ham emails)P (w) = S(w)/(S(w)+H(w))P (w) can be interpreted as the probability that a helter-skelter chosen email containing the word w is Spam.ExceptionsSay a word w =success appears only once and it is a Spam email. whence the above formula calculates P (w)=1.This doesnt mean that all prospective mails containing this word will be considered as Spam. It will rather appear upon its degree of belief. The Bayesian method allows us to combine our intuitive range information with this collected data.Degree of belief f(w)= (s*x)+(n*p(w))/(s + n)s=Assumed intensiveness of the background information.x= Assumed probability of the background information .n= no of emails received containing word w.Combining the probabilitiesEach email is represented by a set of probabilities. Combining these individual probabilities gives the boilersuit indicator of spamminess.fishers MethodH= Chi_inverse (-2*ln(Product of all(f(w)), 2*n)S= Chi_inverse (-2*ln(Product of all(1-f(w)), 2*n)I= 1+H-S/2Here, I is the Indicator of Spamminess.A Genetic AlgorithmA mail can be divided into three parts physical structureFromSubjectGenetic Algorithm can be used to get an appropriate weight say , and for body part, from part and subject part.IFinal= *IBody+ *IFrom+ *ISubjectThe overall accuracy is a function of , and . Genetic Algorithm maximize the above function.Advantages of Bayesian MethodBayesian approach is self adapting. It keeps learning from the forward-looking spams.Bayesian method takes whole message into account.Bayesian method is easy to use and very accurate (Claimed Accuracy Percentage is 97).Bayesian approach is multi-lingual.Reduces the numb er of false positives.ConclusionSensitive Data leaking prevention became one of the most pressing security issues facing Organizations today. The most effective solution to the problem is to see Data Leakage Prevention solution (DLP) as a part of your overall security problem. This solution can be fully integrated with other security tools within organization, to form a comprehensive security strategy plan to protect these data properly. Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution can be used in effect in reducing intentional sensitive data leakage actions, through monitoring users actions and protecting three groups of organizations data data at rest, data in use, and data in motion. This solution can be regarded as integrated through achieving two main phases two layers of defence protecting sensitive data and securing sensitive data of organization alike. The organization also needs to create an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for users, and at the akin time ensuring both are compliant w ith organization policies. To avoid getting broad sided by a data leakage, organizations must evaluate their vulnerabilities and oppose appropriately by many ways like Endpoints protection, Gateway protection, and encoding data.References.1RichardE.Mackey, getablehttp//viewer.media.bitpipe.com/1240246133_118/1258558418_168/sCompliance_sSecurity_Data- Protection_final.pdf2 Bradley R. Hunter, Available http//www.ironport.com/pdf/ironport_dlp_booklet.pdf3Webspy,Availablehttp//www.webspy.com/resources/whitepapers/2008 WebSpy Ltd Information Security and Data Loss Prevention.pdf4 Data loss problems, Available http//www.webspy.com/reso urces/whitepapers/2009WebSpy Ltd-Information Security and Data Loss Prevention.pdf5 Report, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Available http//www.ustr.gov/about -us/press- office/reports-and-publications/archive6 Lubich, H.P The changing roel of IT security in an net world, a business perspective Available http//www.terena.nl/conference/archi eve/tnc2000/proceedings/2A/2a2.html7Sithirasenan, E.Muthukkumarasamy, V., script N-Gram Based Classification for Data Leakage Prevention, Trust, Security and solitude in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on 16-18 July 2013, 578 585, Melbourne, VIC, 13971211, 10.1109/TrustCom.2013.71.8Pham, D.V. Threat analysis of portable hack tools from USB storage devices and protection solutions, IEEE ISBN 978-1-4244-8001-29 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_loss_prevention_software10http//www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/data-loss-prevention/index .html11 Bai Xiaoping Wei Yuanfeng , Study on the signal spotting and simulation of universal serial bus 2.0 IP core circle system, SoutheastCon, 2007. Proceedings. IEEE , vol., no., pp.59-62, 22-25 March 200712 S. Jithesh and U. Naveen, Improved key management methodology for enhanced media security in IMS networks, New York, US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2007, pp. 903-907.13 AK. Gupta, U. Chandrashekhar, S.V. Sabnis and F.A, Building secure products and solutions, Bell Labs Technical journal, Hoboken, US John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2007.3, pp. 21-3814 R.A. Shaikh, S. Rajput, S.M.H. Zaidi and K. Sharif, Comparative analysis and design philosophy of next generation unified enterprise application security, Piscataway, US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society, 2005, pp. 517-524.15 Data Leakage Prevention A newsletter for IT Professionals Issue 5.16 Data Leakage Detection SandipA.Kale1, Prof. S.V.Kulkarni2 Department Of CSE, MIT College of Engg, Aurangabad, Dr.B.A.M.University, Aurangabad (M.S), India1,17 Journal Of Information, Knowledge And Research In Computer Engineering Issn 0975 6760 Nov 12 To Oct 13 Volume 02, Issue 02 Page 534 Data Leakage Detection Nikhil Chaware 1,Prachi Bapat 2, Rituja Kad 3, Archana Jadhav 4, Prof.S.M.Sangve copyright to IJIRCCE www.ijircce.com 1

Case Study Samsung Mobile Advertisement Marketing Essay

Case Study Samsung energetic Advertisement Marketing EssayThe byime essay will analyse the attached Samsung planetary advertizement, in toll of the type of ad, the psychological approach gived and the take grocery storeplace to which the advertizement is aimed at. A comparison with unfermented(prenominal) advertizements would also be looked at in order to support the oecumenical argument of the essay.Advertising is a permeating form of communication. Society is bombarded with paid-for messages from the morning they wake up until they go to adjourn at night. Advertisements appear on television as consumers watch their ducky weekly shows, on billboards as they commute to work, in magazines and newspapers as they bear witness an kindle article, on radio while they listen to the music of their selection and on the internet where they communicate with their friends far and wide, adverts appear wherever creation ar present. It is estimated that the average consumer is exposed to more than a thousand images a day. (Tellis, 20043) Thus advertisements impinge on consumers aw argonness and put forward keenly assume their thoughts, beliefs, actions, attitudes and decisions, fashioning exotericise an extremely powerful gibe for communicating to the cosmopolitan public. M any people in society impinge on the assumption that publicize is only done by corporations in order to sell their growths to consumers and pass water quick money off it. These individuals also believe that advertize is an adventure of the free grocery system, an evil thread that consumers have to endure for the involvement of free speech in our capitalistic society. However in reality, advertize is a vitally all important(predicate) force for many apprehensions. (Tellis, 20043)Advertising for the first time creates fierce and healthy competition betwixt corporate organisations. In a free capitalist market companies constantly competes with each other, offering dominance customers better quality products or avails at lower prices than their rivals. Companies make utilization of a brand image to represent a ordered train of quality at proper(postnominal) prices. Corporate organisations then mapping announce to communicate to potential customers what these brand names represent and what the busy prices are and where the consumers can find the products or services. (Tellis, 20044) The several(a) forms of publicise enable companies to communicate to the potential consumers promptly and efficiently as needed, then making advertise an requisite tool in the workings of the free capitalist market. (Tellis, 20044)Secondly, companies make intent of advertising as a primary tool to communicate to customers about new or change products or services. Since the inception of the Industrial Age during the 19th century, the quality of consumers lives has greatly improved to begin with due to the availability of new or improved products or s ervices. (Tellis, 20044) The great vitality of most free capitalist markets rests on the ability of companies to market and sell these new or improved products or services to consumers. In order to do so, corporate organisations need to communicate to potential customers and allege them of the current innovations at hand and to persuade them of the values associated with these innovations. Advertising therefrom becomes the primary tool corporate organisations enforce to achieve this task, while at the same time ensuring the vital geting of markets for new or improved products or services. (Tellis, 20044)Advertising thirdly provides study support for media in any free market economy around the world. Several forms of media including broadcast television, send television, magazines, newspapers, and most of the internet, reach consumers mainly free or way infra approach. The reason for this is that advertisers pay media companies to display their advertisements. The media compa nies in turn do non have to charge customers the full cost of the chosen media. As such, advertising subsidises the chosen media. Consumers primary form of information and entertainment comes from the media, thus advertising helps improve and maintain the free flow of information and entertainment to society. (Tellis, 20044)Fourthly, advertising as an industry in itself is enormous. Total expenditures on all forms of media for the form of 2007 stood at $385 billion worldwide. (Wikipedia, 2010) The advertising industry employed over 300,000 overlords in over 21,000 companies at the turn of the century with growth in betrothal projected to rise to 32% compared to 15% of other industries. (Tellis, 20044)The fifth and last(a) exam examination reason for the vitality of advertising to the free capitalist market is that, the public subsidises advertising expenditures. Advertising expenditures in many free market economies are tax deductable. This means that corporate organisations c an charge these expenditures as cost of doing business in order to reduce their pre-tax profits. In Layman terminals, the general public pays for a small fraction of the cost of advertising that is match to the advertisers marginal tax rate. (Tellis, 20044)Advertising can take the form of various mediums. Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street piece of furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television adverts, web banners, mobile tele knell screens, shop carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches, human billboards, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached to or sides of airplanes (logo jets), in-flight advertisements on seatback tray tables or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and rider screens, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on spendable diapers, doors of derriere stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles , the opening section of blow audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an identified sponsor pays to feature their message through a medium is advertising. (Wikipedia, 2010)The attached Samsung nomadic advertisement is a form of press advertising. Press advertising is form of advertising that utilises newspapers and magazines as a tool for communicating to potential consumers. These encompass both a very broad readership group such as major national or international newspapers and magazines to a more narrowly targeted readership base such as a local newspaper or magazine. (Wikipedia, 2010) The use of a textual based advertisement is a major reason behind the use of press advertising as medium, it makes it essential. The looker or consumer requires a certain amount of time to read through the advertisement and then to butt the given up information on the Samsung erratic advertisement. If Samsung Mobile used a billboard as a medium to advertise the attached advertisement instead of the preferred press advertising medium, the given information of the advertisement would be lost or misinterpreted by the spectator or consumer, as not enough time was spend on the reading of the information in the advertisement. Thus the message or pop the question of the advertisement would be ineffective. The use of press advertising as a medium to communicate to potential customers would also render itself more cost effective than the use of television or billboards as a medium.In the corporate environment, advertising would any adopt a rational or unrestrained psychological approach in order persuade a potential customer in buying the specific product or service, or in certain cases both approaches would be utilised. The attached Samsung Mobile advertisement uses the emotional approach successfully to catch up with the attention of the viewer or consumer. Emotional advertisements can utilise the three most popul ar components, namely arguments, emotions and endorsements. Arguments are salutes that persuade the consumer with the use of evidence or force of logic. An emotional approach would persuade the consumer by arousing certain emotions, such as anger or love. Endorsements on the other hand utilises the use of a lay endorser, an expert in the field or a honor who vouches for the effectiveness or quality of the product or service either by claim or association. (Tellis, 200423)Of the variety appeals that companies can use to advertise, the emotional approach would be regarded as the most effective form of ruling for a number of reasons. Emotional appeals are firstly more interesting and can more easily cut through the clutter and grab the attention of the consumer than other forms of appeals. Secondly, emotional appeals require less(prenominal) attention by the viewer or consumer. Thirdly, emotional approaches are far more graphic and easily remembered than other appeals. Fourthly, an emotional approach contains far less counterarguments, thus resulting in less resistance from the viewer or consumer. The fifth and final reason why an emotional appeal is more effective than other appeals is that it evokes a more immediate action by the consumer. (Tellis, 200423)The attached Samsung Mobile advertisement effectively utilises the emotional psychological approach or appeal with the use of a textual based advertisement. The text used in the advertisement reminds the viewer of reasons why he or she unfortunately cannot pith their family and loved ones during the festive eon, for reasons such as having to work during the festive season or spiritedness far away. The text or information contained in the advertisement are written in a hand-style format in order to create a more individualised touch or liveliness to the advertisement and to engage with the viewer at such a level. Certain words are also circled and underlined to emphasise the importance of these specifi c words relating to time that could be spent with the viewers family during Christmas. Hand skeletal illustrations for example like snowmen, reindeer and turkey dinners are used to utilize the text based information by creating a festive feel and a personal emotional touch of previous festive times.An essential component for effective advertising is the ability to understand the selected target market for the specific product or service. Knowledge or information regarding this payoff can be achieved by the company involved utilising a process called market research. The main purpose of market research is to have a clear understanding who your target audience or potential customers are. A target market consists of those individuals or specific groups that have common characteristics or needs which the participating company can satisfy with their products or services. The polish of market research is to develop a profile of the potential consumers with the use of gathering informa tion through a comprehensive study of demographics and psychographics. (Jinnet et al, 200619)The term demographics refers to the statistical information gathered regarding sex, age, ethnic background, occupation, education, income, family status and geographical location. fire is an important element regarding market analysis, as traditional buying patterns are ever changing, for example, not only men go fly-fishing. Age statistical distribution dictates certain trends associated to a specific age group. Ethnic differences would indicate specific product preferences, language differences and population shifts. (Jinnet et al, 200620) Population distribution would help the specific company involved to create a better understanding of the surface and location of the target market. Trends indicate that people are moving to the cities suburbs at increasing speeds. The family status of a target market has changed in the past decade with two new distinct groups emerging, single people li ving on their own and unmarried couples living together. Education, occupation and the level of income are other demographics to be considered in a target market. Specific educational level points to a change in product or service preferences. (Jinnet et al, 200620)Target markets are can also be defined as psychographics. Psychographics refers to the specific lifestyle, personal behaviour, self-concept and buying style. These factors are just as important as demographics as they can indicate why consumers buy and use certain products or services. The lifestyle factor refers to the consumers manner of living and involves personal characteristics, interests or activities. Personal behaviour is attached to the specific values of the consumer, which can be linked to the consumer being sceptic or cautious. The term or factor of self-concept refers to how the consumer views themselves or how they would like to portray themselves towards the public. Self-concept is strongly linked to the d emographics of location, family size, income level and occupation. The buying style of the target market is crucial to the success of the advertising campaign of a company. Elements such as how often does the consumer buy the product and/or what the reasons were for buying the specific product or service. Trends show that new products are normally bought by audacious and open-minded consumers rather than less adventurous individuals. (Jinnet et al, 200621)The attached Samsung Mobile advertisement targeted a specific target market that can be associated to young professionals. Young professionals aged between 21-30 years of age, which live mostly on their own and are adventurous enough to leave the comfort zone of living near their family or loved ones. Individuals that are educated, career driven and have a disposable income in order to buy the latest Samsung mobile yell in order to communicate with their family during the festive season.If comparing the attached Samsung Mobile ad vertisement to other existing mobile advertisements, one can observe the use of either the emotional or rational psychological approaches to sell a similar product. The Sony-Ericsson C905 advertisement utilises both sexual emotions and rational appeal, combined by the fact that the advertisement was the first of its kind to ever use a photograph taken by a mobile phone camera and not a professional stand-alone camera. (See attached get in 1)FigureFigure The Sony-Ericsson W705 uses a rational approach to advertise the mobile phone main selling ability crystal clear sound. An inner metropolis environment covered in egg containers are used in the advertisement to indicate that the sound produced by the mobile phone is as perfect as a recording studio used for professional artists. (See attached Figure 2)nokiastring.preview.jpgSoundproofCityDowntown.preview.jpgsony-ericsson-c905-mobile-phone-ad-campaign-a-world-first.bmpFigure The Nokia mobile phone advertisement utilises a rational approach to indicate chaos, but with the help of this specific Nokia mobile phone the consumer will never get lost as it has the turn tail of GPS (Global Positioning Service) used instead of a traditional road map, the GPS function on the mobile phone can give the user directions to their final destination, thus making the consumers experience easier and more enjoyable. (See attached Figure 3)In conclusion, the above essay effectively analysed the attached Samsung mobile advertisement, in toll of the type of advertisement, the psychological approach used and the specific target market to which the attached advertisement was aimed at. Varies comparisons was made to other existing mobile phone advertisements and their respective psychological approaches identified.

Project Management Essay example -- Business Research Papers Managing

Project ManagementThe concept of project management is a vague yet essential part of the average plough environment. Typically, this process is overlooked by the average person, and its function within academic, business, and enquiry environments is essential to the development of products, theories, and success. The idea behind project management is to evidence a group of people, small or large depending on the size of the company, and focus their efforts on a goal or project. apiece company or organization has a different methodology when it comes to organisation their project management group. However, these organizations usually follow a core portion of ideas or concepts that have been proven successful in the development of goals. ii factors contribute to the overall goals of a project management team, individual skills on the team and the process by which those skills are applied.To begin a intelligence about project management, it is good to break down the separa te part of the organization and look at the necessary skills for successful project managers. severally company has specific qualities which a candidate for employment should possess. For example, the International health Economics Association recently posted a job invest for a project manager online. Some of the required responsibilities are as follows Understand client requirementsSupervise data collection and analysis label dataDevelop findings and recommendations which are appropriate to client requirements (IHEA 2004). Another emphasis, which seems to be the same across many job postings, is an ability to participate in the international market. In the current global business world, very some large companies or organizations limit their resear... ...ach individual project is vital to arrive at success in the business world.Works CitedCanadian Institute for health Information. Project Manager, health Services Research. Online http//secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage. jsp?cw_page=career_projmanHSR_e. July 26, 2004.Covance. Job Description. Online http//www.sciencejobs.com/list/ViewJob-eur2285.html. July 26, 2004.International Health Economics Association. Senior Associate/Project Manager, Health Economics and Outcomes. Online http//www.healtheconomics.org/jobs/2004/08/15/senior-associateproject-m.html. July 26, 2004.Tenstep. TenStep Project Management Process. Online http//www.tenstep.com/0.0.0TenStepHomepage.htm. July 26, 2004Wideman. Project Management pattern - to - Project Plan Development Online http//www.pmforum.org/library/glossary/PMG_P12.htm. July 26, 2004

Is it Time to Change the Humanities Requirement? Essay -- Expository E

Is it succession to Change the Humanities Requirement?The Universitys Humanities center field represents a vital though enigmatic aspect of the curricular philosophy. Considering that the Core seems so anomalous comp ard to the curricula of similar universities, it is interesting to note that the Humanities Core seems to accept an especially distinguished significance. For example, humanities is the only sequence which is taken just about uniformly by first year students it is also one of devil or three Core sequences that cannot be replaced by AP credits or placement tests. Perhaps most importantly, the humanities requirement may be the only part of the Core that seems to be almost universally perceive as having no application outside of the Ivory Tower. Thus we ar faced with the difficult question of what distinguishes the Humanities Core from other pursuits and wherefore it is that the University, an institution that prides itself on academic commitment and prowess, contin ues to place special accent mark on it. In order to confront this difficult question I will first consider the Humanities Core generally and flak to decipher its value in terms of content and then in terms of utility I will then turn my charge to a specific work studied in the Humanities Core and attempt to make sense of its inclusion in the curriculum.As a second-year student, I have pretty fresh memories of my experience in the Humanities Core. I took the auspiciously titled Human Being and Citizen, and although I lacked the perspective held by a student enrolled in, say, Reading Cultures or classical Thought, I believe that HBC provides an experience which is perhaps most easily generalize in regard to Universitys first-year humanities experience. This is because HBC s... ...t books course like HBC. Although the other sequences may address more particular issues, there is projectably an interest in tracing facets of the intellectual tradition which are free lance of cont ent or utility Philosophical Perspectives explores the pre-Socratic philosophical evolution which rigid the groundwork for our western philosophical tradition Readings in World writings examines the work of authorsToni Morrison, for examplewho have addressed enduring and complex literary questions in unique ways, thus affecting the way in which these questions are conceptualized. Perhaps having a frame of reference which incorporates these thinkers is necessary if we want to understand and shape our own surroundings and thus an indispensable part of a comprehensive education. NOTES*Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Translation by Martin Oswald, Prentice-Hall, 1962.

The Life of Jane Addams Essay -- essays research papers fc

Jane Addams, a pioneering social worker, helped bring attention to the possibility of revolutionizing Americas spot toward the poor. Not scarcely does she remain a rich source of rousing social theory to this day, her accomplishments affected the philosophical, sociological, and political thought. Addams was an activist of courage and a thinker of originality. Jane Addams embodied the purest moral standards of society which were best demonstrated by her founding of the Hull- mob and her societal contributions, culminating with the winning of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.Jane Addams was born on family line 6, 1860, the eighth child of a prominent family in the small township of Cedarville, Illinois. Of the nine children born to her parents, John and Sarah Addams, only four would reach maturity. big(predicate) with her ninth child at the age of forty-nine, Sarah Addams died in 1863, leaving two-year-old Jane, ten-year-old jam Weber and three sometime(a) daughtersMary, Martha, an d Alice. Five years aft(prenominal) Sarahs death, John Addams married Anna Haldeman, a widow from nearby Freeport who had two sons, eighteen-year-old hydrogen and seven-year-old George. Jane welcomed the arrival of George, who was almost the same age as she, but she resented her parvenue stepmother at first. The little girl was used to being pampered by her older siblings and the family servants, and she was taken aback by Anna Addamss unfamiliar habits. The new Mrs. Addams was set to enforce order in the somewhat unruly household, and she had a quick temper. When she arrived in her new home, she began at once to reorganize it, insisting on formal mealtime behavior, scrupulously orderly rooms, and strict discipline among the children. Anna Addams was, however, intelligent, cultivated, and basically kind. An zealous reader and a talented musician, she often entertained the youngsters by interpreting plays and novels aloud to them, playing the guitar, and singing folk songs. The children soon became accustomed to her ways, and after a few months she won the hearts of both Jane and her siblings. Although Jane grew found of Ma, as she began to call her stepmother, she continued to look to her father and sister Martha for advice and approval. When Martha suddenly died of enteric fever fever at the age of sixteen, five-year-old Jan... ...d remedy some of societys ills. Largely through Addamss efforts, people became aware not only of poor peoples needs, but of what they could do to improve brio conditions. Still standing on Halsted Street, the original mansion that contained Hull House looks as gracious and dignified as everas if Jane Addams herself stands inside its courtyard reminding us to bring help and hope to those less fortunate.BibliographyAddams, Jane. nation and Social Ethics. 1902. Reprint. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 2002.Addams, Jane. The Second xx Years at Hull-House. New York Macmillan Co., 1930.Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-Hou se. 1910. Reprint. Prairie State Books. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1990.Berson, Robin. Jane Addams A Biography. Connecticut Greenwood Press, 2004.Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Jane Addams and the intake of American Democracy A Life. New York Basic Books, 2002.Lasch, Christopher, ed. The Social mind of Jane Addams. American Heritage Series. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1965.The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. Nobelprize.org. 2005.http//nobelprize.org/ pink of my John/laureates/1931/addams.html

Asian Women in the Eyes of Americans Essay example -- Asian Studies Res

Introduction The history of Asiatic women has galore(postnominal) facets. I am or so to touch on two draw monumental points over a sixty year span that take a leak shaped the views of Asiatic women in the eyes of Americans. As a truncated overview, from as early as the 1940s, Asiatic women were recruited to serve their soldiers during man warfare II as awake slaves. Forty years later, the dawning of the mid-eighties brought about the desire of Asian women into American households and sparked the mail order bride phenomenon. The starting time of a new nose candy has altered the lives of Asian women, in split of Asia as well as in the United States of America. I entrust give you a coup doeil into their every day lives in their rest home country and site observations to their strides into the American workforce today. Let me unveil the lives of Asian women . . . past, pose, and future.Comfort Women During World warfare II, hundreds of thousands of women from all parts of Asia were forced into inner slavery by the Nipponese army to serve soldiers on the comportment lines. These poor young women, primarily k forthwithn as simpleness women, were recruited, kidnapped, sold, enticed, and deceived with the engagement of well-paying jobs to serve their soldiers. Eighty portion of the estimated 100,000 to 200,000 comfort women of WWII were Korean girls and women. These unfortunate victims were stationed in comfort stations passim Asia and the South Pacific. Prisoners in these stations were crush to daily degrations such as physical and verbal abuse, repeated rapes, badly labor, and sometimes murder. The women drafted as comfort women had a regimented schedule. To much astonishment, all(prenominal) women had to serve twenty to 40 men a day at a rate of a man every t... ...l reach the said(prenominal) level of respect in another sixty years. The past and present lives of Asian women have been unveiled, now I am anxious to realize what the future reveals.Works CitedKumar, Nita, ed. Women As Subjects. United States University Press of Virginia,1994.Lee, Rose J., and Clark, Cal, ed. democracy and the Status of Women in eastern Asia.United States Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2000.Stetz, Margaret, and Oh, Bonnie B.C., ed. Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II. United States M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2001.Tajik gathering Urges Laws on Violence Against Central Asian Women. Global News Wire. 2003. 27 November 2003. (LexisNexis)Why I Recommend Asian Women. 2003. 05 December 2003.http//www.heart-of-asia.org/gen/whyasia.htmlWomen of Color instal Big Strides in the Workforce. Star Tribune. 2003. 01 portentous 2003. (LexisNexis) Asian Women in the Eyes of Americans Essay example -- Asian Studies reticuloendothelial systemIntroduction The history of Asian women has many facets. I am about to touch on two key monumental points over a sixty year span that have shaped t he views of Asian women in the eyes of Americans. As a brief overview, from as early as the 1940s, Asian women were recruited to serve their soldiers during World War II as sex slaves. Forty years later, the dawning of the 1980s brought about the desire of Asian women into American households and sparked the mail order bride phenomenon. The beginning of a new century has altered the lives of Asian women, in parts of Asia as well as in the United States of America. I will give you a glimpse into their every day lives in their home country and site observations to their strides into the American workforce today. Let me unveil the lives of Asian women . . . past, present, and future.Comfort Women During World War II, hundreds of thousands of women from all parts of Asia were forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese army to serve soldiers on the front lines. These poor young women, generally known as comfort women, were recruited, kidnapped, sold, enticed, and deceived with the promise of well-paying jobs to serve their soldiers. Eighty percent of the estimated 100,000 to 200,000 comfort women of WWII were Korean girls and women. These unfortunate victims were stationed in comfort stations throughout Asia and the South Pacific. Prisoners in these stations were subject to daily degrations such as physical and verbal abuse, repeated rapes, hard labor, and sometimes murder. The women drafted as comfort women had a regimented schedule. To much astonishment, each women had to serve twenty to forty men a day at a rate of a man every t... ...l reach the same level of respect in another sixty years. The past and present lives of Asian women have been unveiled, now I am anxious to see what the future reveals.Works CitedKumar, Nita, ed. Women As Subjects. United States University Press of Virginia,1994.Lee, Rose J., and Clark, Cal, ed. Democracy and the Status of Women in East Asia.United States Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2000.Stetz, Margaret, and Oh, Bonnie B.C., ed. Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II. United States M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2001.Tajik Forum Urges Laws on Violence Against Central Asian Women. Global News Wire. 2003. 27 November 2003. (LexisNexis)Why I Recommend Asian Women. 2003. 05 December 2003.http//www.heart-of-asia.org/gen/whyasia.htmlWomen of Color Make Big Strides in the Workforce. Star Tribune. 2003. 01 August 2003. (LexisNexis)

Twinning In Cattle :: essays research papers fc

Twinning in CattleDue to the persistent fluctuation of the cattle market cattle let onrs boast been searching for ways to improve their production and enlarge theirprofits any way possible. For geezerhood genetic engineers have been working hard onimproving economical efficiency in cattle. It is their hope that through geneticresearch they advise improve the yield and the income of cattle producers aroundthe world. Research has shown that twinning is adept way that farmers can increasetheir yield . Twinning has a profound influence on producers as well aspeople who argon involved in all realms of agriculture. The reason for this largeimpact at this time is the fact that the occurrences are limited. However, manyproducers have a spate that twinning can be more than a once in a blue moonoccurrence. These producers read twinning as a way to dramatically increase theiryield per calving season. Producers will increase their income due to moreweight per year per cow. It is nece ssary nevertheless, that the producer be welleducated on how to handle twinning, in order for it to be successful for them.Many agencies see twinning as an economic race upward. The AmericanBreeder Service has made efforts to produce semen as well as conceptuss with highpredicted breeding values available to producers. They have been recorded foundon twinning probabilities and ovulation rates. A large make sense of work ontwinning has overly been done by the stub and Animal Research Center. Since theearly eighties, they have located cattle with a high frequency of twinning andbeen forming a breeding foundation based on this characteristic. We believe thetime has come to make some of these singular genetic resources available to thebeef industry through artificial insemination and fertilized egg transfer (Gregory 23).An extensive amount of research has been done using embryo transfer in cattle.In one study recipients were implanted with each a single embryo, two embryoin on e uterine horn, or one embryo in each uterine horn. It is also possible tosplit embryos using a micro manipulator and implant each half to produceidentical twins. On the average close 16% of the cows implanted with two embryosproduced twins. When two embryos were implanted, and one was lay in each horn,conception rates were comparable with the prior method, however the twinningrate was much higher when the embryos were in separate horns (73% vs. 45%). Forthe most part, when one embryo was split in an attempt to produce identicaltwins, only one of the offspring survived birth (Davis 302).Many producers see twinning as a possible advancement in

Essay --

One example of presidency is a administration ruled by democratic ideas. A judicature under this theatrical role of rule has specific qualities that distinguish it as a democracy. For instance, many commonwealth can have an impact to a democracy they can occupy some power. It is true that we are called a democracy, for the administration is in the transfer of the many and not of the few (Benjamin Jowett). However, when one citizen among the people stands out, it can be a positive aspect towards public service. As stated in The History of Thucydides, when a citizen is in any way distinguished, he is preferred to the public service, not as a matter of privilege, but as the reward of merit (Benjamin Jowett). A citizen that is different from the rest should not be taken as beneficial towards public service, but as a gift of excellence. A democracy allows citizens to have this ability. In addition, a government under democratic rule consists of laws that create an equity among cit izens. But enchantment the law secures equal justice to all alike in their secluded disputes, the claim of excellence is also recognized (Benjamin Jowett). Conflicts and issues can occur in a smart set, but laws romance a role in taming them. This is a reason as to how people are granted the same marrow of justness and carnivalness among each other. Two characteristics among a democracy embarrass having a unique citizen that is right for the public, and allowing laws to protect everyones fair play. Another case of government is an association under infrangible control. Absolutism is the idea of regime by divine right, in which the ruler can come take away as believing they are superior. This idea can be the beat of persuading rulers to be better than other parties. As stated in A History of Western ... ...shed democracy ends due to Ralph not receiving enough watch over from others, and lacking the ability in ruling efficiently. Ralphs formation of his democratic governme nt goes wrong when these two characteristics lead to a formation of another society that ruins his own. In the real world, there are two forms of government an exacting government and a democratic government. A government under absolute control does not provide citizens with proper freedom or fair rights, while a government under democratic rule does. Citizens play a role in both of these types of government. Under absolute control, they execute to the government. In a democracy, they have an equal right, just like a figure of authority. In Lord of the Flies, a character named Ralph tries to commence a democracy that consists of justice and freedom, but cannot achieve this effort due to this flaws in

Copernicus, Galileo and Hamlet :: Hamlet Copernicus

Copernicus, Galileo and settlementIf imagination is the lifeblood of literature, then each newfangled scientific prove which extends our scope of the universe is as fruitful to the poet as to the astronomer. External and environmental change stimulates internal and personal tropes for the poetic mind, and the new Copernican uranology of the late 16th- and early 17th-centuries may have altered the literary establishment of the era as much as any contemporaneous governmental shifts. Marjorie Nicolson, in The Breaking of the Circle, argues that the heliocentric system greatly influenced the metaphysical poets, peculiarly John Donne, as it necessarily mated the concept of a familiar cosmos with the preexisting nonions of a personal microcosm and earthbound geocosm. Nicolson claims that the Elizabethans, Shakespeare included, failed to apply the new motion of heavenly bodies to their own bodies of work, and that their obsolete cosmology confers obsolescence upon their literary en deavors. I will argue that Hamlet, written in the aftermath of Copernicuss De Revolutionibus and Tycho Brahes cosmological observations, non only follows many of Nicolsons tenets for the metaphysical poetry of the time, but stands as a central metaphor for the ambiguous period between Copernicuss initial theories and Galileos visual proofs in Sidereus Nuncius. The conflict of Hamlet is the geocentric pitted against the heliocentric Hamlet the son/Sun must revenge his Hyperion fathers death by affidavit of his traitorous and swinish uncle from the English throne, the center of the action and royally emblematized by dint of the Sun. But the addition of the macrocosmic/heliocentric view to Hamlets preexisting microcosmicthat is, self-centered or, to use a word that rings of etymological irony, solipsisticobsessions does not make for a happy marriage rather, the two spheres, representing externality and internality, cubicle Hamlets geocentric developmentearthly, physical action. Ha mlets legendary propensity to delay stems not from a mere excess of thought but from a factious thought process that clouded Shakespeares times its fractured and debated cosmology. As Nicolson postulates, Correspondence between macrocosm and microcosm, which man had accepted as basic to faith, was no longer legal in a new mechanical universe and mechanical ball (Nicolson, xxi). In Nicolsons eyes, King Lear reflects Shakespeares preoccupation with the new cosmology more in astrological than astronomical terms Disruption in the heavens presaged rumpus upon earth, the storms of the geocosm paralleled those in the microcosm, but our attention and Shakespeares is centered on Lear, the man, rather than on the world and the universe (Nicolson, 149).

Rate of Reaction :: Papers

Rate of Reaction Aim To watch and appreciation record of the effects of a change in concentration on the treasure of answer. Word equation Hydrochloric Acid + sodium thiosulphate Sulphur dioxide + sodium Chloride + water 2HCl + Na2S203 2Na + SO2 + H2O Plan In this experiment I lead be testing the rate of reaction of Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Thiosulphate. The rate of reaction tells us how quickly a reaction happens, so I result increase the concentration of the hydrochloric acid distributively time I do the experiment, adding of distilled water to 2 molars of the acid therefore providing us with the concentrations 2, 1.5,1,0.5 and ultimately 0 to react with the acid. I leave do a pretest introductory to see if the amounts of acid and Sodium Thiosulphate work and to see if there wont be any anomalous results. Equipment Diagram of equipment 2x beaker 4x conical flask 2x measuring cylinders displace X board Stopwatch Predi ction I predict that each time we increase the concentration of the Hydrochloric acid the amount of time it will take to react will decrease because the stronger the acidity the quicker it will react with the Sodium Thiosulphate as the more concentrated the acid firmness of purpose the more successful collisions occur. The rate of reaction is how quickly the reaction happens and a reaction happens because of collisions between the reactants. IMAGE Concentration this is the factor Im going to study I will use the concentrations 0mol, 0.5mol, 1mol, 1.5mol and 2mol. Temperature This has big effects on the rate of reaction because the hotter the reactants are the faster they react, this is because the molecules of the reactants move around more and faster so collide more often and quicker, as they collide they react, therefore as according to the collision theory the reaction is sped up. Catalysts catalysts lower the activation sinew of a reaction so wi th

Science Vs Religion :: essays research papers

Since the origin of military personnel history there have been umpteen expla republics for events that seem start of world control. In recent civilized history, religious and since the beginning of human history there have been some(prenominal) explanations for events that seem place of human control. In recent civilized history, religious and scientific views have very much clashed with one another. Religious ideas ar usually presented first and then sufficient scientific evidence accumulates to d atomic number 18 religious beliefs. These findings of science are met with indecision and most are considered a heresy. Since the middle ages until the 18th centuri, religious political orientation was the most trustworthy way of explaining the unexplained. During the next couple hundred years, m either members of academia(a school of philosophy), using science to back them up, came up with new ways of dealing with the unanswerable questions. When the church had the greatest power, men and women of science were viewed as the "wicked guys." In most cases it was safer to believe in the church and their ideas, in order not to be excommunicated or shunned by society, than to place their sureness in charlatan scientists. As a result, many conflicts arise amidst men of religion and men of science. Even if a scientist set out to prove the church wrong and show some very fortified evidence contrary to popular belief, he was usually shunned and his ideas denounced publicly. It is not until many people have similar evidence and findings do they gain any credibility with normal people and the church. Nowadays people believe that if a scientific view is false, then by continuing study and search the truth may be discovered. one may conclude that if no one presented new ideas, then intelligent thought would have no place in a society like that. Scientists like Darwin accepted the risks involved in presenting new ideas. Voltaire also was a revolutionary t hinker. Although, he presented ideas of his own, he decided to satirize science and religion. Each society, church, men of academia, believes that their ideas are correct and therefore are the best of the world. It is true, even to this day, that each nation has a different set of standards, reasoning, and beliefs on how life works and what are the best possible things to believe in. In some cases, nations try to tote those beliefs on other nations. This results in a push for new scientific research and other religious and philosophical beliefs of that nation, to fight the ideas that are world reflected on them.

Internet: The Newest Mass Medium Essay -- Essays Papers

Internet The Newest Mass MediumIn order to break down the Internet as a mass medium, we first have to insure at the original intentions of the Internet. Origin everyy the Internet was utilized strictly by the government and educational institutions. Its primary purposes were research and education, although it soon became a smorgasbord of entertainment for a portion of the population through games, chat, and email. The idea of exploitation the Internet for entertainment and commercial use was outrageous to the current drug users of the technology, and when listservs began bill sticker advertisements, they did not respond well. These users wanted to keep the focus of this particular media truly narrow and two-dimensional, so to speak. However, commercialization of the Internet allowed for exponential growth in for-profit and subsidized sites, which generated a greater demand for a larger user base. Profitability became an issue as soon as the Internet became commercial. In the 1990s, the Internet wielded a significant impact on people and line of businesses of all types, and there were many organizations and individuals that grew concerned of this impact and new issues arose. From a business aspect, telecommunications companies began to worry that the Internet would take away their customers because people were now capable to place phone calls online with no long distance charges. From an individual, or popular population aspect, people were concerned with the social implications of the Internet, and the negative impact that plastered heart and soul could have on individuals or groups, such as children beingness exposed to pornographic content. There is also the growing concern of earnest and privacy, because not exactly can personal information be apply for illegal purposes, it can be used without someones knowledge, for trade purposes, which some people find to be an infringement of their privacy. The Internet is a breeding ground fo r freedom of expression and freedom of speech, which is why current countries such as China and Germany, have done everything in their might to detain the content made available to citizens. However, because of the Constitution, American government is purpose it rather difficult to set up a gatekeeping system, which will restrict content available within the United States. To allow the government to do this would completely defeat the purpose of such ... ...of thought was easily manipulated by the corporate/government cooperative that ran (and still runs) traditional old media in the United States.The versatility and multidirectional communication makes the Internet one of the most exciting mediums because content can be very diversified and users are not only able to receive messages, but they are able to respond as well. The Internet is an interactive medium with potential to expand even far than it already has. The Internet defies the controlled, one-way broadcast model of information distribution and empowers the user with the capability to talk back to the sender. ReferencesBeacham, F. (1998, December). Dark Alleys of the Internet weenie Beachams Questioning Technology Online, 20 paragraphs. Available http// ****CHECK****Grant, A., & Meadows, J. (2000). communication Technology Update (7th ed.). Massachusetts Butterworth-Heinemann.Public Agenda (2000). Internet computer address and Privacy. Public Agenda Online, 10 paragraphs.Available http//www.publicagenda.org/Schmesier, L. (1996, March 1). Why subscribe to gender online? CMC Magazine Online,7 paragraphs. Available http//www.cmcmagazine.com